|
|
|
@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ reduced the family relation to a mere money relation.
|
|
|
|
The bourgeoisie has disclosed how it came to pass that the brutal display of
|
|
|
|
The bourgeoisie has disclosed how it came to pass that the brutal display of
|
|
|
|
vigour in the Middle Ages, which reactionaries so much admire, found its
|
|
|
|
vigour in the Middle Ages, which reactionaries so much admire, found its
|
|
|
|
fitting complement in the most slothful indolence. It has been the first to
|
|
|
|
fitting complement in the most slothful indolence. It has been the first to
|
|
|
|
show what man’s activity can bring about. It has accomplished wonders far
|
|
|
|
show what man's activity can bring about. It has accomplished wonders far
|
|
|
|
surpassing Egyptian pyramids, Roman aqueducts, and Gothic cathedrals; it has
|
|
|
|
surpassing Egyptian pyramids, Roman aqueducts, and Gothic cathedrals; it has
|
|
|
|
conducted expeditions that put in the shade all former Exoduses of nations and
|
|
|
|
conducted expeditions that put in the shade all former Exoduses of nations and
|
|
|
|
crusades.
|
|
|
|
crusades.
|
|
|
|
@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ The bourgeoisie, by the rapid improvement of all instruments of production, by
|
|
|
|
the immensely facilitated means of communication, draws all, even the most
|
|
|
|
the immensely facilitated means of communication, draws all, even the most
|
|
|
|
barbarian, nations into civilisation. The cheap prices of commodities are the
|
|
|
|
barbarian, nations into civilisation. The cheap prices of commodities are the
|
|
|
|
heavy artillery with which it batters down all Chinese walls, with which it
|
|
|
|
heavy artillery with which it batters down all Chinese walls, with which it
|
|
|
|
forces the barbarians’ intensely obstinate hatred of foreigners to capitulate.
|
|
|
|
forces the barbarians' intensely obstinate hatred of foreigners to capitulate.
|
|
|
|
It compels all nations, on pain of extinction, to adopt the bourgeois mode of
|
|
|
|
It compels all nations, on pain of extinction, to adopt the bourgeois mode of
|
|
|
|
production; it compels them to introduce what it calls civilisation into their
|
|
|
|
production; it compels them to introduce what it calls civilisation into their
|
|
|
|
midst, i.e., to become bourgeois themselves. In one word, it creates a world
|
|
|
|
midst, i.e., to become bourgeois themselves. In one word, it creates a world
|
|
|
|
@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ one frontier, and one customs-tariff.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The bourgeoisie, during its rule of scarce one hundred years, has created more
|
|
|
|
The bourgeoisie, during its rule of scarce one hundred years, has created more
|
|
|
|
massive and more colossal productive forces than have all preceding
|
|
|
|
massive and more colossal productive forces than have all preceding
|
|
|
|
generations together. Subjection of Nature’s forces to man, machinery,
|
|
|
|
generations together. Subjection of Nature's forces to man, machinery,
|
|
|
|
application of chemistry to industry and agriculture, steam-navigation,
|
|
|
|
application of chemistry to industry and agriculture, steam-navigation,
|
|
|
|
railways, electric telegraphs, clearing of whole continents for cultivation,
|
|
|
|
railways, electric telegraphs, clearing of whole continents for cultivation,
|
|
|
|
canalisation of rivers, whole populations conjured out of the ground — what
|
|
|
|
canalisation of rivers, whole populations conjured out of the ground — what
|
|
|
|
@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ ever more fluctuating. The increasing improvement of machinery, ever more
|
|
|
|
rapidly developing, makes their livelihood more and more precarious; the
|
|
|
|
rapidly developing, makes their livelihood more and more precarious; the
|
|
|
|
collisions between individual workmen and individual bourgeois take more and
|
|
|
|
collisions between individual workmen and individual bourgeois take more and
|
|
|
|
more the character of collisions between two classes. Thereupon, the workers
|
|
|
|
more the character of collisions between two classes. Thereupon, the workers
|
|
|
|
begin to form combinations (Trades’ Unions) against the bourgeois; they club
|
|
|
|
begin to form combinations (Trades' Unions) against the bourgeois; they club
|
|
|
|
together in order to keep up the rate of wages; they found permanent
|
|
|
|
together in order to keep up the rate of wages; they found permanent
|
|
|
|
associations in order to make provision beforehand for these occasional
|
|
|
|
associations in order to make provision beforehand for these occasional
|
|
|
|
revolts. Here and there, the contest breaks out into riots.
|
|
|
|
revolts. Here and there, the contest breaks out into riots.
|
|
|
|
@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ political party, is continually being upset again by the competition between
|
|
|
|
the workers themselves. But it ever rises up again, stronger, firmer,
|
|
|
|
the workers themselves. But it ever rises up again, stronger, firmer,
|
|
|
|
mightier. It compels legislative recognition of particular interests of the
|
|
|
|
mightier. It compels legislative recognition of particular interests of the
|
|
|
|
workers, by taking advantage of the divisions among the bourgeoisie itself.
|
|
|
|
workers, by taking advantage of the divisions among the bourgeoisie itself.
|
|
|
|
Thus, the ten-hours’ bill in England was carried.
|
|
|
|
Thus, the ten-hours' bill in England was carried.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Altogether collisions between the classes of the old society further, in many
|
|
|
|
Altogether collisions between the classes of the old society further, in many
|
|
|
|
ways, the course of development of the proletariat. The bourgeoisie finds
|
|
|
|
ways, the course of development of the proletariat. The bourgeoisie finds
|
|
|
|
@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ In this sense, the theory of the Communists may be summed up in the single
|
|
|
|
sentence: Abolition of private property.
|
|
|
|
sentence: Abolition of private property.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We Communists have been reproached with the desire of abolishing the right of
|
|
|
|
We Communists have been reproached with the desire of abolishing the right of
|
|
|
|
personally acquiring property as the fruit of a man’s own labour, which
|
|
|
|
personally acquiring property as the fruit of a man's own labour, which
|
|
|
|
property is alleged to be the groundwork of all personal freedom, activity and
|
|
|
|
property is alleged to be the groundwork of all personal freedom, activity and
|
|
|
|
independence.
|
|
|
|
independence.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@ -655,7 +655,7 @@ identical with the disappearance of all culture.
|
|
|
|
That culture, the loss of which he laments, is, for the enormous majority, a
|
|
|
|
That culture, the loss of which he laments, is, for the enormous majority, a
|
|
|
|
mere training to act as a machine.
|
|
|
|
mere training to act as a machine.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
But don’t wrangle with us so long as you apply, to our intended abolition of
|
|
|
|
But don't wrangle with us so long as you apply, to our intended abolition of
|
|
|
|
bourgeois property, the standard of your bourgeois notions of freedom,
|
|
|
|
bourgeois property, the standard of your bourgeois notions of freedom,
|
|
|
|
culture, law, &c. Your very ideas are but the outgrowth of the conditions of
|
|
|
|
culture, law, &c. Your very ideas are but the outgrowth of the conditions of
|
|
|
|
your bourgeois production and bourgeois property, just as your jurisprudence
|
|
|
|
your bourgeois production and bourgeois property, just as your jurisprudence
|
|
|
|
@ -720,7 +720,7 @@ introduce community of women; it has existed almost from time immemorial.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Our bourgeois, not content with having wives and daughters of their
|
|
|
|
Our bourgeois, not content with having wives and daughters of their
|
|
|
|
proletarians at their disposal, not to speak of common prostitutes, take the
|
|
|
|
proletarians at their disposal, not to speak of common prostitutes, take the
|
|
|
|
greatest pleasure in seducing each other’s wives.
|
|
|
|
greatest pleasure in seducing each other's wives.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bourgeois marriage is, in reality, a system of wives in common and thus, at
|
|
|
|
Bourgeois marriage is, in reality, a system of wives in common and thus, at
|
|
|
|
the most, what the Communists might possibly be reproached with is that they
|
|
|
|
the most, what the Communists might possibly be reproached with is that they
|
|
|
|
@ -756,8 +756,8 @@ The charges against Communism made from a religious, a philosophical and,
|
|
|
|
generally, from an ideological standpoint, are not deserving of serious
|
|
|
|
generally, from an ideological standpoint, are not deserving of serious
|
|
|
|
examination.
|
|
|
|
examination.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Does it require deep intuition to comprehend that man’s ideas, views, and
|
|
|
|
Does it require deep intuition to comprehend that man's ideas, views, and
|
|
|
|
conception, in one word, man’s consciousness, changes with every change in the
|
|
|
|
conception, in one word, man's consciousness, changes with every change in the
|
|
|
|
conditions of his material existence, in his social relations and in his
|
|
|
|
conditions of his material existence, in his social relations and in his
|
|
|
|
social life?
|
|
|
|
social life?
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@ -854,7 +854,7 @@ abolition of all the distinction between town and country by a more equable
|
|
|
|
distribution of the populace over the country.
|
|
|
|
distribution of the populace over the country.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item Free education for all children in public schools. Abolition of
|
|
|
|
@item Free education for all children in public schools. Abolition of
|
|
|
|
children’s factory labour in its present form. Combination of education with
|
|
|
|
children's factory labour in its present form. Combination of education with
|
|
|
|
industrial production, &c, &c.
|
|
|
|
industrial production, &c, &c.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@end enumerate
|
|
|
|
@end enumerate
|
|
|
|
@ -900,7 +900,7 @@ and whispering in his ears sinister prophesies of coming catastrophe.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In this way arose feudal Socialism: half lamentation, half lampoon; half an
|
|
|
|
In this way arose feudal Socialism: half lamentation, half lampoon; half an
|
|
|
|
echo of the past, half menace of the future; at times, by its bitter, witty
|
|
|
|
echo of the past, half menace of the future; at times, by its bitter, witty
|
|
|
|
and incisive criticism, striking the bourgeoisie to the very heart’s core; but
|
|
|
|
and incisive criticism, striking the bourgeoisie to the very heart's core; but
|
|
|
|
always ludicrous in its effect, through total incapacity to comprehend the
|
|
|
|
always ludicrous in its effect, through total incapacity to comprehend the
|
|
|
|
march of modern history.
|
|
|
|
march of modern history.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@ -1116,7 +1116,7 @@ societies for the prevention of cruelty to animals, temperance fanatics,
|
|
|
|
hole-and-corner reformers of every imaginable kind. This form of socialism
|
|
|
|
hole-and-corner reformers of every imaginable kind. This form of socialism
|
|
|
|
has, moreover, been worked out into complete systems.
|
|
|
|
has, moreover, been worked out into complete systems.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We may cite Proudhon’s Philosophie de la Misère as an example of this form.
|
|
|
|
We may cite Proudhon's Philosophie de la Misère as an example of this form.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Socialistic bourgeois want all the advantages of modern social conditions
|
|
|
|
The Socialistic bourgeois want all the advantages of modern social conditions
|
|
|
|
without the struggles and dangers necessarily resulting therefrom. They desire
|
|
|
|
without the struggles and dangers necessarily resulting therefrom. They desire
|
|
|
|
|
