From 00027d3893491cf22ab033aaac604b7a931f2c93 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: eck <none@none>
Date: Mon, 25 Sep 1989 14:28:10 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] some minor fixes, renamed ch7 stuff to ch3

---
 lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/Makefile     |  88 ++--
 lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/arith.c      |  24 +-
 lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/ch3.c        | 660 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/ch3bin.c     | 352 ++++++++++++++++
 lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/ch3mon.c     | 168 ++++++++
 lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/code.c       |   4 +-
 lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/declar.g     |   9 +-
 lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/expr.c       |   2 +-
 lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/expression.g |  26 +-
 lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/idf.c        |   5 +-
 lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/ival.g       |   8 +-
 lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/l_misc.c     |  10 +-
 lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/proto.c      |   2 +-
 lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/struct.c     |  13 +-
 lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/switch.c     |   2 +-
 15 files changed, 1281 insertions(+), 92 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/ch3.c
 create mode 100644 lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/ch3bin.c
 create mode 100644 lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/ch3mon.c

diff --git a/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/Makefile b/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/Makefile
index f90d145df..641568135 100644
--- a/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/Makefile
+++ b/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/Makefile
@@ -71,20 +71,20 @@ LOBJ =	tokenfile.o declar.o statement.o expression.o program.o Lpars.o ival.o
 
 # Objects of hand-written C files
 CSRC =	main.c idf.c declarator.c decspecs.c struct.c \
-	expr.c ch7.c ch7bin.c cstoper.c fltcstoper.c arith.c \
+	expr.c ch3.c ch3bin.c cstoper.c fltcstoper.c arith.c \
 	code.c dumpidf.c error.c field.c\
 	tokenname.c LLlex.c LLmessage.c \
 	input.c domacro.c replace.c init.c options.c \
-	skip.c stack.c type.c ch7mon.c label.c eval.c \
+	skip.c stack.c type.c ch3mon.c label.c eval.c \
 	switch.c conversion.c util.c proto.c \
 	pragma.c blocks.c dataflow.c Version.c \
 	l_lint.c l_states.c l_misc.c l_ev_ord.c l_outdef.c l_comment.c l_dummy.c
 COBJ =	main.o idf.o declarator.o decspecs.o struct.o \
-	expr.o ch7.o ch7bin.o cstoper.o fltcstoper.o arith.o \
+	expr.o ch3.o ch3bin.o cstoper.o fltcstoper.o arith.o \
 	code.o dumpidf.o error.o field.o\
 	tokenname.o LLlex.o LLmessage.o \
 	input.o domacro.o replace.o init.o options.o \
-	skip.o stack.o type.o ch7mon.o label.o eval.o \
+	skip.o stack.o type.o ch3mon.o label.o eval.o \
 	switch.o conversion.o util.o proto.o \
 	pragma.o blocks.o dataflow.o Version.o \
 	l_lint.o l_states.o l_misc.o l_ev_ord.o l_outdef.o l_comment.o l_dummy.o
@@ -405,34 +405,34 @@ expr.o: sizes.h
 expr.o: spec_arith.h
 expr.o: target_sizes.h
 expr.o: type.h
-ch7.o: Lpars.h
-ch7.o: arith.h
-ch7.o: assert.h
-ch7.o: debug.h
-ch7.o: def.h
-ch7.o: expr.h
-ch7.o: file_info.h
-ch7.o: idf.h
-ch7.o: label.h
-ch7.o: lint.h
-ch7.o: nobitfield.h
-ch7.o: nopp.h
-ch7.o: proto.h
-ch7.o: spec_arith.h
-ch7.o: struct.h
-ch7.o: type.h
-ch7bin.o: Lpars.h
-ch7bin.o: arith.h
-ch7bin.o: botch_free.h
-ch7bin.o: expr.h
-ch7bin.o: idf.h
-ch7bin.o: label.h
-ch7bin.o: lint.h
-ch7bin.o: nobitfield.h
-ch7bin.o: nopp.h
-ch7bin.o: spec_arith.h
-ch7bin.o: struct.h
-ch7bin.o: type.h
+ch3.o: Lpars.h
+ch3.o: arith.h
+ch3.o: assert.h
+ch3.o: debug.h
+ch3.o: def.h
+ch3.o: expr.h
+ch3.o: file_info.h
+ch3.o: idf.h
+ch3.o: label.h
+ch3.o: lint.h
+ch3.o: nobitfield.h
+ch3.o: nopp.h
+ch3.o: proto.h
+ch3.o: spec_arith.h
+ch3.o: struct.h
+ch3.o: type.h
+ch3bin.o: Lpars.h
+ch3bin.o: arith.h
+ch3bin.o: botch_free.h
+ch3bin.o: expr.h
+ch3bin.o: idf.h
+ch3bin.o: label.h
+ch3bin.o: lint.h
+ch3bin.o: nobitfield.h
+ch3bin.o: nopp.h
+ch3bin.o: spec_arith.h
+ch3bin.o: struct.h
+ch3bin.o: type.h
 cstoper.o: Lpars.h
 cstoper.o: arith.h
 cstoper.o: assert.h
@@ -691,18 +691,18 @@ type.o: sizes.h
 type.o: spec_arith.h
 type.o: target_sizes.h
 type.o: type.h
-ch7mon.o: Lpars.h
-ch7mon.o: arith.h
-ch7mon.o: botch_free.h
-ch7mon.o: def.h
-ch7mon.o: expr.h
-ch7mon.o: idf.h
-ch7mon.o: label.h
-ch7mon.o: lint.h
-ch7mon.o: nobitfield.h
-ch7mon.o: nopp.h
-ch7mon.o: spec_arith.h
-ch7mon.o: type.h
+ch3mon.o: Lpars.h
+ch3mon.o: arith.h
+ch3mon.o: botch_free.h
+ch3mon.o: def.h
+ch3mon.o: expr.h
+ch3mon.o: idf.h
+ch3mon.o: label.h
+ch3mon.o: lint.h
+ch3mon.o: nobitfield.h
+ch3mon.o: nopp.h
+ch3mon.o: spec_arith.h
+ch3mon.o: type.h
 label.o: Lpars.h
 label.o: arith.h
 label.o: def.h
diff --git a/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/arith.c b/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/arith.c
index 955b23274..745e1b231 100644
--- a/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/arith.c
+++ b/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/arith.c
@@ -142,10 +142,10 @@ relbalance(e1p, oper, e2p)
 	if ((*e2p)->ex_type->tp_fund == FUNCTION)
 		function2pointer(*e2p);
 	if ((*e1p)->ex_type->tp_fund == POINTER)
-		ch76pointer(e2p, oper, (*e1p)->ex_type);
+		ch3pointer(e2p, oper, (*e1p)->ex_type);
 	else
 	if ((*e2p)->ex_type->tp_fund == POINTER)
-		ch76pointer(e1p, oper, (*e2p)->ex_type);
+		ch3pointer(e1p, oper, (*e2p)->ex_type);
 	else
 	if (	(*e1p)->ex_type == (*e2p)->ex_type &&
 		(*e1p)->ex_type->tp_fund == ENUM
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ relbalance(e1p, oper, e2p)
 		arithbalance(e1p, oper, e2p);
 }
 
-ch76pointer(expp, oper, tp)
+ch3pointer(expp, oper, tp)
 	struct expr **expp;
 	register struct type *tp;
 {
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ ch76pointer(expp, oper, tp)
 
 	if (exp->ex_type->tp_fund == POINTER)	{
 		if (exp->ex_type != tp)
-			ch7cast(expp, oper, tp);
+			ch3cast(expp, oper, tp);
 	}
 	else
 	if (is_integral_type(exp->ex_type)) {
@@ -177,14 +177,14 @@ ch76pointer(expp, oper, tp)
 					symbol2str(oper),
 					symbol2str(exp->ex_type->tp_fund));
 		}
-		ch7cast(expp, CAST, tp);
+		ch3cast(expp, CAST, tp);
 	}
 	else	{
 		expr_error(exp, "%s on %s and pointer",
 				symbol2str(oper),
 				symbol2str(exp->ex_type->tp_fund)
 			);
-		ch7cast(expp, oper, tp);
+		ch3cast(expp, oper, tp);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ opnd2test(expp, oper)
 	if ((*expp)->ex_class == Oper && is_test_op((*expp)->OP_OPER))
 		{ /* It is already a test */ }
 	else
-		ch7bin(expp, NOTEQUAL, intexpr((arith)0, INT));
+		ch3bin(expp, NOTEQUAL, intexpr((arith)0, INT));
 }
 
 int
@@ -542,19 +542,19 @@ field2arith(expp)
 	(*expp)->ex_type = atype;
 
 	if (atype->tp_unsigned)	{	/* don't worry about the sign bit */
-		ch7bin(expp, RIGHT, intexpr((arith)fd->fd_shift, INT));
-		ch7bin(expp, '&', intexpr(fd->fd_mask, INT));
+		ch3bin(expp, RIGHT, intexpr((arith)fd->fd_shift, INT));
+		ch3bin(expp, '&', intexpr(fd->fd_mask, INT));
 	}
 	else	{	/* take care of the sign bit: sign extend if needed */
 		arith bits_in_type = atype->tp_size * 8;
 
-		ch7bin(expp, LEFT,
+		ch3bin(expp, LEFT,
 			intexpr(bits_in_type - fd->fd_width - fd->fd_shift,
 						INT)
 		);
-		ch7bin(expp, RIGHT, intexpr(bits_in_type - fd->fd_width, INT));
+		ch3bin(expp, RIGHT, intexpr(bits_in_type - fd->fd_width, INT));
 	}
-	ch7cast(expp, CAST, tp);	/* restore its original type */
+	ch3cast(expp, CAST, tp);	/* restore its original type */
 }
 #endif NOBITFIELD
 
diff --git a/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/ch3.c b/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/ch3.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a15840d88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/ch3.c
@@ -0,0 +1,660 @@
+/*
+ * (c) copyright 1987 by the Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
+ * See the copyright notice in the ACK home directory, in the file "Copyright".
+ */
+/* $Header$ */
+/*	S E M A N T I C   A N A L Y S I S -- C H A P T E R  3.3		*/
+
+#include	"lint.h"
+#include	"debug.h"
+#include	"nobitfield.h"
+#include	"idf.h"
+#include	<flt_arith.h>
+#include	"arith.h"
+#include	"proto.h"
+#include	"type.h"
+#include	"struct.h"
+#include	"label.h"
+#include	"expr.h"
+#include	"def.h"
+#include	"Lpars.h"
+#include	"assert.h"
+#include	"file_info.h"
+
+extern char options[];
+extern char *symbol2str();
+extern struct type *qualifier_type();
+
+/*	Most expression-handling routines have a pointer to a
+	(struct type *) as first parameter. The object under the pointer
+	gets updated in the process.
+*/
+
+ch3sel(expp, oper, idf)
+	struct expr **expp;
+	struct idf *idf;
+{
+	/*	The selector idf is applied to *expp; oper may be '.' or
+		ARROW.
+	*/
+	register struct expr *exp;
+	register struct type *tp;
+	register struct sdef *sd;
+
+	any2opnd(expp, oper);
+	exp = *expp;
+	tp = exp->ex_type;
+	if (oper == ARROW)	{
+		if (tp->tp_fund == POINTER &&
+		    ( tp->tp_up->tp_fund == STRUCT ||
+		      tp->tp_up->tp_fund == UNION))	/* normal case */
+			tp = tp->tp_up;
+		else {	/* constructions like "12->selector" and
+				"char c; c->selector"
+			*/
+			switch (tp->tp_fund)	{
+			case POINTER:
+				break;
+			case INT:
+			case LONG:
+				/* An error is given in idf2sdef() */
+				ch3cast(expp, CAST, pa_type);
+				sd = idf2sdef(idf, tp);
+				tp = sd->sd_stype;
+				break;
+			default:
+				expr_error(exp, "-> applied to %s",
+					symbol2str(tp->tp_fund));
+			case ERRONEOUS:
+				exp->ex_type = error_type;
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+	} else {		/* oper == '.' */
+		/* nothing */
+	}
+	exp = *expp;
+	switch (tp->tp_fund)	{
+	case POINTER:	/* for int *p;	p->next = ...	*/
+	case STRUCT:
+	case UNION:
+		break;
+	case INT:
+	case LONG:
+		/* warning will be given by idf2sdef() */
+		break;
+	default:
+		if (!is_anon_idf(idf))
+			expr_error(exp, "selector %s applied to %s",
+				idf->id_text, symbol2str(tp->tp_fund));
+	case ERRONEOUS:
+		exp->ex_type = error_type;
+		return;
+	}
+	sd = idf2sdef(idf, tp);
+	if (oper == '.')	{
+		/*	there are 3 cases in which the selection can be
+			performed compile-time: 
+			I:	n.sel (n either an identifier or a constant)
+			II:	(e.s1).s2 (transformed into (e.(s1+s2)))
+			III:	(e->s1).s2 (transformed into (e->(s1+s2)))
+				The code performing these conversions is
+				extremely obscure.
+		*/
+		if (exp->ex_class == Value)	{
+			/*	It is an object we know the address of; so
+				we can calculate the address of the
+				selected member 
+			*/
+			exp->VL_VALUE += sd->sd_offset;
+			exp->ex_type = sd->sd_type;
+			exp->ex_lvalue = exp->ex_type->tp_fund != ARRAY;
+			if (exp->ex_type == error_type) {
+				exp->ex_flags |= EX_ERROR;
+			}
+		}
+		else
+		if (exp->ex_class == Oper)	{
+			struct oper *op = &(exp->ex_object.ex_oper);
+			
+			if (op->op_oper == '.' || op->op_oper == ARROW)	{
+				ASSERT(is_cp_cst(op->op_right));
+				op->op_right->VL_VALUE += sd->sd_offset;
+				exp->ex_type = sd->sd_type;
+				exp->ex_lvalue = exp->ex_type->tp_fund != ARRAY;
+				if (exp->ex_type == error_type) {
+					exp->ex_flags |= EX_ERROR;
+				}
+			}
+			else {
+				exp = new_oper(sd->sd_type, exp, '.',
+						intexpr(sd->sd_offset, INT));
+				exp->ex_lvalue = sd->sd_type->tp_fund != ARRAY;
+				if (!exp->OP_LEFT->ex_lvalue)
+					exp->ex_flags |= EX_ILVALUE;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	else { /* oper == ARROW */
+		exp = new_oper(sd->sd_type,
+			exp, oper, intexpr(sd->sd_offset, INT));
+		exp->ex_lvalue = (sd->sd_type->tp_fund != ARRAY);
+		exp->ex_flags &= ~EX_ILVALUE;
+	}
+	if (sd->sd_type->tp_typequal & TQ_CONST)
+		exp->ex_flags |= EX_READONLY;
+	if (sd->sd_type->tp_typequal & TQ_VOLATILE)
+		exp->ex_flags |= EX_VOLATILE;
+	if (oper == '.' && exp->ex_flags & EX_READONLY)  {
+		exp->ex_type = qualifier_type(exp->ex_type, TQ_CONST);
+	}
+	*expp = exp;
+}
+
+ch3incr(expp, oper)
+	struct expr **expp;
+{
+	/*	The monadic prefix/postfix incr/decr operator oper is
+		applied to *expp.
+	*/
+	ch3asgn(expp, oper, intexpr((arith)1, INT));
+}
+
+ch3cast(expp, oper, tp)
+	register struct expr **expp;
+	register struct type *tp;
+{
+	/*	The expression *expp is cast to type tp; the cast is
+		caused by the operator oper.  If the cast has
+		to be passed on to run time, its left operand will be an
+		expression of class Type.
+	*/
+	register struct type *oldtp;
+
+	if (oper == RETURN && tp->tp_fund == VOID) {
+		strict("return <expression> in function returning void");
+		(*expp)->ex_type = void_type;
+		return;
+	}
+	if ((*expp)->ex_type->tp_fund == FUNCTION)
+		function2pointer(*expp);
+	if ((*expp)->ex_type->tp_fund == ARRAY)
+		array2pointer(*expp);
+	if ((*expp)->ex_class == String)
+		string2pointer(*expp);
+	oldtp = (*expp)->ex_type;
+
+#ifndef NOBITFIELD
+	if (oldtp->tp_fund == FIELD)	{
+		field2arith(expp);
+		ch3cast(expp, oper, tp);
+	}
+	else
+	if (tp->tp_fund == FIELD) {
+		ch3cast(expp, oper, tp->tp_up);
+	}
+	else
+#endif NOBITFIELD
+	if (equal_type(tp, oldtp, 0)) {
+		/* life is easy */
+	}
+	else
+	if (tp->tp_fund == VOID) {
+		/* easy again */
+		(*expp)->ex_type = void_type;
+	}
+	else
+	if (is_arith_type(oldtp) && is_arith_type(tp))	{
+		int oldi = is_integral_type(oldtp);
+		int i = is_integral_type(tp);
+
+		if (oldi && i)	{
+#ifdef	LINT
+			if (oper == CAST)
+				(*expp)->ex_type = tp;
+			else
+				int2int(expp, tp);
+#else	LINT
+			int2int(expp, tp);
+#endif	LINT
+		}
+		else
+		if (oldi && !i)	{
+#ifdef	LINT
+			if (oper == CAST)
+				(*expp)->ex_type = tp;
+			else
+				int2float(expp, tp);
+#else	LINT
+			int2float(expp, tp);
+#endif	LINT
+		}
+		else
+		if (!oldi && i) {
+#ifdef	LINT
+			if (oper == CAST)
+				(*expp)->ex_type = tp;
+			else
+				float2int(expp, tp);
+#else	LINT
+			float2int(expp, tp);
+#endif	LINT
+		}
+		else {
+			/* !oldi && !i */
+#ifdef	LINT
+			if (oper == CAST)
+				(*expp)->ex_type = tp;
+			else
+				float2float(expp, tp);
+#else	LINT
+			float2float(expp, tp);
+#endif	LINT
+		}
+	}
+	else
+	if (oldtp->tp_fund == POINTER && tp->tp_fund == POINTER)	{
+		if (oper == CASTAB)
+			expr_warning(*expp, "incompatible pointers");
+		else
+		if (oper != CAST)
+			expr_warning(*expp, "incompatible pointers in %s",
+							symbol2str(oper));
+#ifdef	LINT
+		if (oper != CAST)
+			lint_ptr_conv(oldtp->tp_up->tp_fund, tp->tp_up->tp_fund);
+#endif	LINT
+		(*expp)->ex_type = tp;	/* free conversion */
+	}
+	else
+	if (oldtp->tp_fund == POINTER && is_integral_type(tp))	{
+		/* from pointer to integral */
+		if (oper != CAST)
+			expr_warning(*expp,
+				"illegal conversion of pointer to %s",
+				symbol2str(tp->tp_fund));
+		if (oldtp->tp_size > tp->tp_size)
+			expr_warning(*expp,
+				"conversion of pointer to %s loses accuracy",
+				symbol2str(tp->tp_fund));
+		if (oldtp->tp_size != tp->tp_size)
+			int2int(expp, tp);
+		else
+			(*expp)->ex_type = tp;
+	}
+	else
+	if (tp->tp_fund == POINTER && is_integral_type(oldtp))	{
+		/* from integral to pointer */
+		switch (oper)	{
+		case CAST:
+			break;
+		case CASTAB:
+		case EQUAL:
+		case NOTEQUAL:
+		case '=':
+		case RETURN:
+			if (is_cp_cst(*expp) && (*expp)->VL_VALUE == (arith)0)
+				break;
+		default:
+			expr_warning(*expp,
+				"illegal conversion of %s to pointer",
+				symbol2str(oldtp->tp_fund));
+			break;
+		}
+		if (oldtp->tp_size > tp->tp_size)
+			expr_warning(*expp,
+				"conversion of %s to pointer loses accuracy",
+				symbol2str(oldtp->tp_fund));
+		if (oldtp->tp_size != tp->tp_size)
+			int2int(expp, tp);
+		else
+			(*expp)->ex_type = tp;
+	}
+	else
+	if (oldtp->tp_fund == ERRONEOUS) {
+		/* we just won't look */
+		(*expp)->ex_type = tp;	/* brute force */
+	}
+	else
+	if (oldtp->tp_size == tp->tp_size && oper == CAST)	{
+		expr_warning(*expp, "dubious conversion based on equal size");
+		(*expp)->ex_type = tp;		/* brute force */
+	}
+	else	{
+		if (oldtp->tp_fund != ERRONEOUS && tp->tp_fund != ERRONEOUS)
+			expr_error(*expp, "cannot convert %s to %s",
+				symbol2str(oldtp->tp_fund),
+				symbol2str(tp->tp_fund)
+			);
+		(*expp)->ex_type = tp;		/* brute force */
+	}
+	if (oper == CAST) {
+		(*expp)->ex_flags |= EX_ILVALUE;
+	}
+}
+
+/*	Determine whether two types are equal.
+*/
+equal_type(tp, otp, check_qual)
+	register struct type *tp, *otp;
+	int check_qual;
+{
+	if (tp == otp)
+		return 1;
+	if (!tp || !otp)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (tp->tp_fund != otp->tp_fund)
+		return 0;
+	if (tp->tp_unsigned != otp->tp_unsigned)
+		return 0;
+	if (tp->tp_align != otp->tp_align)
+		return 0;
+	if (tp->tp_fund != ARRAY /* && tp->tp_fund != STRUCT */ ) {	/* UNION ??? */
+		if (tp->tp_size != otp->tp_size)
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	switch (tp->tp_fund) {
+
+	case FUNCTION:
+		/*	If both types have parameter type lists, the type of
+			each parameter in the composite parameter type list
+			is the composite type of the corresponding paramaters.
+		*/
+		if (tp->tp_proto && otp->tp_proto) {
+			if (!equal_proto(tp->tp_proto, otp->tp_proto))
+				return 0;
+		} else if (tp->tp_proto || otp->tp_proto) {
+			if (!legal_mixture(tp, otp))
+				return 0;
+		}
+		return equal_type(tp->tp_up, otp->tp_up, 0);
+
+	case ARRAY:
+		/*	If one type is an array of known size, the composite
+			type is an array of that size
+		*/
+		if (tp->tp_size != otp->tp_size &&
+		     (tp->tp_size != -1 && otp->tp_size != -1))
+			return 0;
+		return equal_type(tp->tp_up, otp->tp_up, check_qual);
+
+	case POINTER:
+		if (equal_type(tp->tp_up, otp->tp_up, check_qual)) {
+		    if (otp->tp_up->tp_typequal & TQ_CONST) {
+			if (!(tp->tp_up->tp_typequal & TQ_CONST)) {
+			    strict("illegal use of pointer to const object");
+			}
+		    }
+		    if (otp->tp_up->tp_typequal & TQ_VOLATILE) {
+			if (!(tp->tp_up->tp_typequal & TQ_VOLATILE)) {
+			    strict("illegal use of pointer to volatile object");
+			}
+		    }
+		    return 1;
+		}
+		else return 0;
+
+	case FIELD:
+		return equal_type(tp->tp_up, otp->tp_up, check_qual);
+
+	case STRUCT:
+	case UNION:
+	case ENUM:
+		return tp->tp_idf == otp->tp_idf && tp->tp_sdef == otp->tp_sdef;
+
+	default:
+		return 1;
+	}
+}
+
+check_pseudoproto(pl, opl)
+	register struct proto *pl, *opl;
+{
+	int retval = 1;
+
+	if (pl->pl_flag & PL_ELLIPSIS) {
+		error("illegal ellipsis terminator");
+		return 2;
+	}
+	if (opl->pl_flag & PL_VOID) {
+		if (!(pl->pl_flag & PL_VOID))
+			error("function is defined without parameters");
+		pl->pl_flag |= PL_ERRGIVEN;
+		opl->pl_flag |= PL_ERRGIVEN;
+		return 2;
+	}
+	while (pl && opl) {
+	    if (!equal_type(pl->pl_type, opl->pl_type, 0)) {
+		if (!(pl->pl_flag & PL_ERRGIVEN)
+		    && !(opl->pl_flag & PL_ERRGIVEN))
+			error("incorrect type for parameter %s of definition",
+				opl->pl_idf->id_text);
+		pl->pl_flag |= PL_ERRGIVEN;
+		opl->pl_flag |= PL_ERRGIVEN;
+		retval = 2;
+	    }
+	    pl = pl->next;
+	    opl = opl->next;
+	}
+	if (pl || opl) {
+		error("incorrect number of parameters");
+		retval = 2;
+	}
+	return retval;
+}
+
+legal_mixture(tp, otp)
+	struct type *tp, *otp;
+{
+	register struct proto *pl = tp->tp_proto, *opl = otp->tp_proto;
+	int retval = 1;
+	struct proto *prot;
+	int fund;
+
+	ASSERT( (pl != 0) ^ (opl != 0));
+	if (pl)  {
+		prot = pl;
+	} else  {
+		prot = opl;
+	}
+	if (!opl && otp->tp_pseudoproto) {
+		return check_pseudoproto(tp->tp_proto, otp->tp_pseudoproto);
+	}
+
+	if (prot->pl_flag & PL_ELLIPSIS) {
+		if (!(prot->pl_flag & PL_ERRGIVEN)) {
+			if (pl)
+				error("illegal ellipsis terminator");
+			else	error("ellipsis terminator in previous (prototype) declaration");
+		}
+		prot->pl_flag |= PL_ERRGIVEN;
+		prot = prot->next;
+		return 2;
+	}
+	while (prot) {
+				/* if (!(prot->pl_flag & PL_ELLIPSIS)) {} */
+		fund = prot->pl_type->tp_fund;
+		if (fund == CHAR || fund == SHORT || fund == FLOAT) {
+			if (!(prot->pl_flag & PL_ERRGIVEN))
+			    error("illegal %s parameter in %sdeclaration",
+				symbol2str(fund), (opl ? "previous (prototype) " : "" ));
+			prot->pl_flag |= PL_ERRGIVEN;
+			retval = 2;
+		}
+		prot = prot->next;
+	}
+	return retval;
+}
+
+equal_proto(pl, opl)
+	register struct proto *pl, *opl;
+{
+	if (pl == opl)
+		return 1;
+
+	/*	If only one type is a function type with a parameter type list
+		(a function prototype), the composite type is a function
+		prototype with parameter type list.
+	*/
+	while ( pl && opl) {
+
+	    if ((pl->pl_flag & ~PL_ERRGIVEN) != (opl->pl_flag & ~PL_ERRGIVEN))
+		return 0;
+
+	    if (!equal_type(pl->pl_type, opl->pl_type, 0))
+		return 0;
+
+	    pl = pl->next;
+	    opl = opl->next;
+	}
+	return !(pl || opl);
+}
+
+/* check if a type has a const declared member */
+recurconst(tp)
+struct type *tp;
+{
+	register struct sdef *sdf;
+
+	ASSERT(tp);
+	if (!tp) return 0;
+	if (tp->tp_typequal & TQ_CONST) return 1;
+	sdf = tp->tp_sdef;
+	while (sdf) {
+		if (recurconst(sdf->sd_type))
+			return 1;
+		sdf = sdf->sd_sdef;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+ch3asgn(expp, oper, expr)
+	struct expr **expp;
+	struct expr *expr;
+{
+	/*	The assignment operators.
+		"f op= e" should be interpreted as
+		"f = (typeof f)((typeof (f op e))f op (typeof (f op e))e)"
+		and not as "f = f op (typeof f)e".
+		Consider, for example, (i == 10) i *= 0.9; (i == 9), where
+		typeof i == int.
+		The resulting expression tree becomes:
+				op=
+				/ \
+			       /   \
+			      f     (typeof (f op e))e
+		EVAL should however take care of evaluating (typeof (f op e))f
+	*/
+	register struct expr *exp = *expp;
+	int fund = exp->ex_type->tp_fund;
+	int vol = 0;
+	struct type *tp;
+
+	/* We expect an lvalue */
+	if (!exp->ex_lvalue) {
+		expr_error(exp, "no lvalue in operand of %s", symbol2str(oper));
+	} else if (exp->ex_flags & EX_ILVALUE)	{
+		strict("incorrect lvalue in operand of %s", symbol2str(oper));
+	} else if (exp->ex_flags & EX_READONLY) {
+		expr_error(exp, "operand of %s is read-only", symbol2str(oper));
+	} else if (fund == STRUCT || fund == UNION) {
+		if (recurconst(exp->ex_type))
+			expr_error(expr,"operand of %s contains a const-qualified member",
+					    symbol2str(oper));
+	}
+
+	/*	Preserve volatile markers across the tree.
+		This is questionable, depending on the way the optimizer
+		wants this information.
+	vol = (exp->ex_flags & EX_VOLATILE) || (expr->ex_flags & EX_VOLATILE);
+	*/
+
+	if (oper == '=') {
+		ch3cast(&expr, oper, exp->ex_type);
+		tp = expr->ex_type;
+	}
+	else {	/* turn e into e' where typeof(e') = typeof (f op e) */
+		struct expr *extmp = intexpr((arith)0, INT);
+
+		/* this is really $#@&*%$# ! */
+		/* if you correct this, please correct lint_new_oper() too */
+		extmp->ex_lvalue = 1;
+		extmp->ex_type = exp->ex_type;
+		ch3bin(&extmp, oper, expr);
+		/* Note that ch3bin creates a tree of the expression
+			((typeof (f op e))f op (typeof (f op e))e),
+		   where f ~ extmp and e ~ expr.
+		   We want to use (typeof (f op e))e.
+		   Ch7bin does not create a tree if both operands
+		   were illegal or constants!
+		*/
+		tp = extmp->ex_type;	/* perform the arithmetic in type tp */
+		if (extmp->ex_class == Oper) {
+			expr = extmp->OP_RIGHT;
+			extmp->OP_RIGHT = NILEXPR;
+			free_expression(extmp);
+		}
+		else
+			expr = extmp;
+	}
+#ifndef NOBITFIELD
+	if (fund == FIELD)
+		exp = new_oper(exp->ex_type->tp_up, exp, oper, expr);
+	else
+		exp = new_oper(exp->ex_type, exp, oper, expr);
+#else NOBITFIELD
+	exp = new_oper(exp->ex_type, exp, oper, expr);
+#endif NOBITFIELD
+	exp->OP_TYPE = tp;	/* for EVAL() */
+	exp->ex_flags |= vol ? (EX_SIDEEFFECTS|EX_VOLATILE) : EX_SIDEEFFECTS;
+	*expp = exp;
+}
+
+/*	Some interesting (?) questions answered.
+*/
+int
+is_integral_type(tp)
+	register struct type *tp;
+{
+	switch (tp->tp_fund)	{
+	case GENERIC:
+	case CHAR:
+	case SHORT:
+	case INT:
+	case LONG:
+	case ENUM:
+		return 1;
+#ifndef NOBITFIELD
+	case FIELD:
+		return is_integral_type(tp->tp_up);
+#endif NOBITFIELD
+	default:
+		return 0;
+	}
+}
+
+int
+is_arith_type(tp)
+	register struct type *tp;
+{
+	switch (tp->tp_fund)	{
+	case GENERIC:
+	case CHAR:
+	case SHORT:
+	case INT:
+	case LONG:
+	case ENUM:
+	case FLOAT:
+	case DOUBLE:
+	case LNGDBL:
+		return 1;
+#ifndef NOBITFIELD
+	case FIELD:
+		return is_arith_type(tp->tp_up);
+#endif NOBITFIELD
+	default:
+		return 0;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/ch3bin.c b/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/ch3bin.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..51de8ce3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/ch3bin.c
@@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
+/*
+ * (c) copyright 1987 by the Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
+ * See the copyright notice in the ACK home directory, in the file "Copyright".
+ */
+/* $Header$ */
+/* SEMANTIC ANALYSIS (CHAPTER 3.3)  --  BINARY OPERATORS */
+
+#include	"botch_free.h"
+#include	<alloc.h>
+#include	"lint.h"
+#include	"idf.h"
+#include	<flt_arith.h>
+#include	"arith.h"
+#include	"type.h"
+#include	"struct.h"
+#include	"label.h"
+#include	"expr.h"
+#include	"Lpars.h"
+
+extern char options[];
+extern char *symbol2str();
+
+/*	This chapter asks for the repeated application of code to handle
+	an operation that may be executed at compile time or at run time,
+	depending on the constancy of the operands.
+*/
+
+#define commutative_binop(expp, oper, expr)	mk_binop(expp, oper, expr, 1)
+#define non_commutative_binop(expp, oper, expr)	mk_binop(expp, oper, expr, 0)
+
+ch3bin(expp, oper, expr)
+	register struct expr **expp;
+	struct expr *expr;
+{
+	/*	apply binary operator oper between *expp and expr.
+		NB: don't swap operands if op is one of the op= operators!!!
+	*/
+
+	any2opnd(expp, oper);
+	any2opnd(&expr, oper);
+	switch (oper)	{
+	case '[':				/* 3.3.2.1 */
+		/* indexing follows the commutative laws */
+		switch ((*expp)->ex_type->tp_fund)	{
+		case POINTER:
+		case ARRAY:
+			break;
+		case ERRONEOUS:
+			return;
+		default:		/* unindexable */
+			switch (expr->ex_type->tp_fund)	{
+			case POINTER:
+			case ARRAY:
+				break;
+			case ERRONEOUS:
+				return;
+			default:
+				expr_error(*expp,
+					"indexing an object of type %s",
+					symbol2str((*expp)->ex_type->tp_fund));
+				return;
+			}
+			break;
+		}
+		ch3bin(expp, '+', expr);
+		ch3mon('*', expp);
+		break;
+
+	case '(':				/* 3.3.2.2 */
+		if (	(*expp)->ex_type->tp_fund == POINTER &&
+			(*expp)->ex_type->tp_up->tp_fund == FUNCTION
+		)	{
+			ch3mon('*', expp);
+		}
+		if ((*expp)->ex_type->tp_fund != FUNCTION)	{
+			expr_error(*expp, "call of non-function (%s)",
+				symbol2str((*expp)->ex_type->tp_fund));
+			/* leave the expression; it may still serve */
+			free_expression(expr);	/* there go the parameters */
+			*expp = new_oper(error_type,
+					*expp, '(', (struct expr *)0);
+		}
+		else
+			*expp = new_oper((*expp)->ex_type->tp_up,
+					*expp, '(', expr);
+		(*expp)->ex_flags |= EX_SIDEEFFECTS;
+		break;
+
+	case PARCOMMA:				/* 3.3.2.2 */
+		if ((*expp)->ex_type->tp_fund == FUNCTION)
+			function2pointer(*expp);
+		*expp = new_oper(expr->ex_type, *expp, PARCOMMA, expr);
+		break;
+
+	case '%':
+	case MODAB:
+	case ANDAB:
+	case XORAB:
+	case ORAB:
+		opnd2integral(expp, oper);
+		opnd2integral(&expr, oper);
+		/* fallthrough */
+	case '/':
+	case DIVAB:
+	case TIMESAB:
+		arithbalance(expp, oper, &expr);
+		non_commutative_binop(expp, oper, expr);
+		break;
+
+	case '&':
+	case '^':
+	case '|':
+		opnd2integral(expp, oper);
+		opnd2integral(&expr, oper);
+		/* fallthrough */
+	case '*':
+		arithbalance(expp, oper, &expr);
+		commutative_binop(expp, oper, expr);
+		break;
+
+	case '+':
+		if (expr->ex_type->tp_fund == POINTER)	{ /* swap operands */
+			struct expr *etmp = expr;
+			expr = *expp;
+			*expp = etmp;
+		}
+		/* fallthrough */
+	case PLUSAB:
+	case POSTINCR:
+	case PLUSPLUS:
+		if ((*expp)->ex_type->tp_fund == POINTER)	{
+			pointer_arithmetic(expp, oper, &expr);
+			if (expr->ex_type->tp_size != (*expp)->ex_type->tp_size)
+				ch3cast(&expr, CAST, (*expp)->ex_type);
+			pointer_binary(expp, oper, expr);
+		}
+		else	{
+			arithbalance(expp, oper, &expr);
+			if (oper == '+')
+				commutative_binop(expp, oper, expr);
+			else
+				non_commutative_binop(expp, oper, expr);
+		}
+		break;
+
+	case '-':
+	case MINAB:
+	case POSTDECR:
+	case MINMIN:
+		if ((*expp)->ex_type->tp_fund == POINTER)	{
+			if (expr->ex_type->tp_fund == POINTER)
+				pntminuspnt(expp, oper, expr);
+			else {
+				pointer_arithmetic(expp, oper, &expr);
+				pointer_binary(expp, oper, expr);
+			}
+		}
+		else	{
+			arithbalance(expp, oper, &expr);
+			non_commutative_binop(expp, oper, expr);
+		}
+		break;
+
+	case LEFT:
+	case RIGHT:
+	case LEFTAB:
+	case RIGHTAB:
+		opnd2integral(expp, oper);
+		opnd2integral(&expr, oper);
+		arithbalance(expp, oper, &expr); /* ch. 7.5 */
+		ch3cast(&expr, oper, int_type); /* cvt. rightop to int */
+		non_commutative_binop(expp, oper, expr);
+		break;
+
+	case '<':
+	case '>':
+	case LESSEQ:
+	case GREATEREQ:
+	case EQUAL:
+	case NOTEQUAL:
+		relbalance(expp, oper, &expr);
+		non_commutative_binop(expp, oper, expr);
+		(*expp)->ex_type = int_type;
+		break;
+
+	case AND:
+	case OR:
+		opnd2test(expp, oper);
+		opnd2test(&expr, oper);
+		if (is_cp_cst(*expp))	{
+			register struct expr *ex = *expp;
+
+			/* the following condition is a short-hand for
+				((oper == AND) && o1) || ((oper == OR) && !o1)
+				where o1 == (*expp)->VL_VALUE;
+				and ((oper == AND) || (oper == OR))
+			*/
+			if ((oper == AND) == (ex->VL_VALUE != (arith)0))
+				*expp = expr;
+			else {
+				ex->ex_flags |= expr->ex_flags;
+				free_expression(expr);
+				*expp = intexpr((arith)((oper == AND) ? 0 : 1),
+						INT);
+			}
+			(*expp)->ex_flags |= ex->ex_flags;
+			free_expression(ex);
+		}
+		else
+		if (is_cp_cst(expr))	{
+			/* Note!!!: the following condition is a short-hand for
+				((oper == AND) && o2) || ((oper == OR) && !o2)
+				where o2 == expr->VL_VALUE
+				and ((oper == AND) || (oper == OR))
+			*/
+			if ((oper == AND) == (expr->VL_VALUE != (arith)0)) {
+				(*expp)->ex_flags |= expr->ex_flags;
+				free_expression(expr);
+			}
+			else {
+				if (oper == OR)
+					expr->VL_VALUE = (arith)1;
+				ch3bin(expp, ',', expr);
+			}
+		}
+		else {
+			*expp = new_oper(int_type, *expp, oper, expr);
+		}
+		(*expp)->ex_flags |= EX_LOGICAL;
+		break;
+
+	case ':':
+		if (	is_struct_or_union((*expp)->ex_type->tp_fund)
+		||	is_struct_or_union(expr->ex_type->tp_fund)
+		)	{
+			if (!equal_type((*expp)->ex_type, expr->ex_type, 0))
+				expr_error(*expp, "illegal balance");
+		}
+		else
+			relbalance(expp, oper, &expr);
+#ifdef	LINT
+		if (	(is_cp_cst(*expp) && is_cp_cst(expr))
+		&&	(*expp)->VL_VALUE == expr->VL_VALUE
+		) {
+			hwarning("operands of : are constant and equal");
+		}
+#endif	LINT
+		*expp = new_oper((*expp)->ex_type, *expp, oper, expr);
+		break;
+
+	case '?':
+		opnd2logical(expp, oper);
+		if (is_cp_cst(*expp)) {
+#ifdef	LINT
+			hwarning("condition in ?: expression is constant");
+#endif	LINT
+			*expp = (*expp)->VL_VALUE ?
+				expr->OP_LEFT : expr->OP_RIGHT;
+		}
+		else {
+			*expp = new_oper(expr->ex_type, *expp, oper, expr);
+		}
+		break;
+
+	case ',':
+		if (is_cp_cst(*expp))
+			*expp = expr;
+		else
+			*expp = new_oper(expr->ex_type, *expp, oper, expr);
+		(*expp)->ex_flags |= EX_COMMA;
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+pntminuspnt(expp, oper, expr)
+	register struct expr **expp, *expr;
+{
+	/*	Subtracting two pointers is so complicated it merits a
+		routine of its own.
+	*/
+	struct type *up_type = (*expp)->ex_type->tp_up;
+
+	if (!equal_type(up_type, expr->ex_type->tp_up, 0)) {
+		expr_error(*expp, "subtracting incompatible pointers");
+		free_expression(expr);
+		erroneous2int(expp);
+		return;
+	}
+	/*	we hope the optimizer will eliminate the load-time
+		pointer subtraction
+	*/
+	*expp = new_oper((*expp)->ex_type, *expp, oper, expr);
+	ch3cast(expp, CAST, pa_type);	/* ptr-ptr: result has pa_type	*/
+	ch3bin(expp, '/',
+		intexpr(size_of_type(up_type, "object"), pa_type->tp_fund));
+	ch3cast(expp, CAST, int_type);	/* result will be an integer expr */
+}
+
+mk_binop(expp, oper, expr, commutative)
+	struct expr **expp;
+	register struct expr *expr;
+{
+	/*	Constructs in *expp the operation indicated by the operands.
+		"commutative" indicates whether "oper" is a commutative
+		operator.
+	*/
+	register struct expr *ex = *expp;
+
+	if (is_cp_cst(expr) && is_cp_cst(ex))
+		cstbin(expp, oper, expr);
+	else if (is_fp_cst(expr) && is_fp_cst(ex))
+		fltcstbin(expp, oper, expr);
+	else	{
+		*expp = (commutative && expr->ex_depth >= ex->ex_depth) ?
+				new_oper(ex->ex_type, expr, oper, ex) :
+				new_oper(ex->ex_type, ex, oper, expr);
+	}
+}
+
+pointer_arithmetic(expp1, oper, expp2)
+	register struct expr **expp1, **expp2;
+{
+	int typ;
+	/*	prepares the integral expression expp2 in order to
+		apply it to the pointer expression expp1
+	*/
+	if ((typ = any2arith(expp2, oper)) == FLOAT
+	    || typ == DOUBLE
+	    || typ == LNGDBL)	{
+		expr_error(*expp2,
+			"illegal combination of %s and pointer",
+			symbol2str(typ));
+		erroneous2int(expp2);
+	}
+	ch3bin( expp2, '*',
+		intexpr(size_of_type((*expp1)->ex_type->tp_up, "object"),
+			pa_type->tp_fund)
+	);
+}
+
+pointer_binary(expp, oper, expr)
+	register struct expr **expp, *expr;
+{
+	/*	constructs the pointer arithmetic expression out of
+		a pointer expression, a binary operator and an integral
+		expression.
+	*/
+	if (is_ld_cst(expr) && is_ld_cst(*expp))
+		cstbin(expp, oper, expr);
+	else
+		*expp = new_oper((*expp)->ex_type, *expp, oper, expr);
+}
diff --git a/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/ch3mon.c b/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/ch3mon.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8538dc2d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/ch3mon.c
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+/*
+ * (c) copyright 1987 by the Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
+ * See the copyright notice in the ACK home directory, in the file "Copyright".
+ */
+/* $Header$ */
+/* SEMANTIC ANALYSIS (CHAPTER 3.3) -- MONADIC OPERATORS */
+
+#include	"botch_free.h"
+#include	<alloc.h>
+#include	"nobitfield.h"
+#include	"Lpars.h"
+#include	<flt_arith.h>
+#include	"arith.h"
+#include	"type.h"
+#include	"label.h"
+#include	"expr.h"
+#include	"idf.h"
+#include	"def.h"
+
+extern char options[];
+extern arith full_mask[/*MAXSIZE*/];	/* cstoper.c */
+char *symbol2str();
+
+ch3mon(oper, expp)
+	register struct expr **expp;
+{
+	/*	The monadic prefix operator oper is applied to *expp.
+	*/
+	register struct expr *expr;
+
+	switch (oper)	{
+	case '*':			/* 3.3.3.2 */
+		/* no FIELD type allowed	*/
+		if ((*expp)->ex_type->tp_fund == ARRAY)
+			array2pointer(*expp);
+		if ((*expp)->ex_type->tp_fund != POINTER) {
+		    if ((*expp)->ex_type->tp_fund != FUNCTION) {
+			    expr_error(*expp,
+				    "* applied to non-pointer (%s)",
+				    symbol2str((*expp)->ex_type->tp_fund));
+		    } else {
+			    warning("superfluous use of * on function");
+			    /* ignore indirection (yegh) */
+		    }
+		} else {
+			expr = *expp;
+			if (expr->ex_lvalue == 0 && expr->ex_class != String)
+				/* dereference in administration only */
+				expr->ex_type = expr->ex_type->tp_up;
+			else	/* runtime code */
+				*expp = new_oper(expr->ex_type->tp_up, NILEXPR,
+							'*', expr);
+			(*expp)->ex_lvalue = (
+				(*expp)->ex_type->tp_fund != ARRAY &&
+				(*expp)->ex_type->tp_fund != FUNCTION
+				);
+			if ((*expp)->ex_type->tp_typequal & TQ_CONST)
+				(*expp)->ex_flags |= EX_READONLY;
+			if ((*expp)->ex_type->tp_typequal & TQ_VOLATILE)
+				(*expp)->ex_flags |= EX_VOLATILE;
+			(*expp)->ex_flags &= ~EX_ILVALUE;
+		}
+		break;
+	case '&':
+		if ((*expp)->ex_type->tp_fund == ARRAY) {
+			expr_warning(*expp, "& before array ignored");
+			array2pointer(*expp);
+		}
+		else
+		if ((*expp)->ex_type->tp_fund == FUNCTION) {
+			expr_warning(*expp, "& before function ignored");
+			function2pointer(*expp);
+		}
+		else
+#ifndef NOBITFIELD
+		if ((*expp)->ex_type->tp_fund == FIELD)
+			expr_error(*expp, "& applied to field variable");
+		else
+#endif NOBITFIELD
+		if (!(*expp)->ex_lvalue)
+			expr_error(*expp, "& applied to non-lvalue");
+		else if ((*expp)->ex_flags & EX_ILVALUE)
+			expr_error(*expp, "& applied to illegal lvalue");
+		else {
+			/* assume that enums are already filtered out	*/
+			if (ISNAME(*expp)) {
+				register struct def *def =
+					(*expp)->VL_IDF->id_def;
+
+				/*	&<var> indicates that <var>
+					cannot be used as register
+					anymore
+				*/
+				if (def->df_sc == REGISTER) {
+					expr_error(*expp,
+					"& on register variable not allowed");
+					break;	/* break case '&' */
+				}
+			}
+			(*expp)->ex_type = pointer_to((*expp)->ex_type,
+						(*expp)->ex_type->tp_typequal);
+			(*expp)->ex_lvalue = 0;
+			(*expp)->ex_flags &= ~EX_READONLY;
+		}
+		break;
+	case '~':
+	{
+		int fund = (*expp)->ex_type->tp_fund;
+
+		if (fund == FLOAT || fund == DOUBLE || fund == LNGDBL)	{
+			expr_error( *expp,
+				    "~ not allowed on %s operands",
+				    symbol2str(fund));
+			erroneous2int(expp);
+			break;
+		}
+		/* FALLTHROUGH */
+	}
+	case '-':
+		any2arith(expp, oper);
+		if (is_cp_cst(*expp))	{
+			arith o1 = (*expp)->VL_VALUE;
+
+			(*expp)->VL_VALUE = (oper == '-') ? -o1 :
+			  ((*expp)->ex_type->tp_unsigned ?
+				(~o1) & full_mask[(*expp)->ex_type->tp_size] :
+				~o1
+			  );
+		}
+		else
+		if (is_fp_cst(*expp))
+			switch_sign_fp(*expp);
+		else
+			*expp = new_oper((*expp)->ex_type,
+					NILEXPR, oper, *expp);
+		break;
+	case '!':
+		if ((*expp)->ex_type->tp_fund == FUNCTION)
+			function2pointer(*expp);
+		if ((*expp)->ex_type->tp_fund != POINTER)
+			any2arith(expp, oper);
+		opnd2test(expp, '!');
+		if (is_cp_cst(*expp))	{
+			(*expp)->VL_VALUE = !((*expp)->VL_VALUE);
+			(*expp)->ex_type = int_type;	/* a cast ???(EB) */
+		}
+		else
+			*expp = new_oper(int_type, NILEXPR, oper, *expp);
+		(*expp)->ex_flags |= EX_LOGICAL;
+		break;
+	case PLUSPLUS:
+	case MINMIN:
+		ch3incr(expp, oper);
+		break;
+	case SIZEOF:
+		if (ISNAME(*expp) && (*expp)->VL_IDF->id_def->df_formal_array)
+			expr_warning(*expp, "sizeof formal array %s is sizeof pointer!",
+				(*expp)->VL_IDF->id_text);
+		expr = intexpr((*expp)->ex_class == String ?
+				   (arith)((*expp)->SG_LEN) :
+				   size_of_type((*expp)->ex_type, "object"),
+				INT);
+		expr->ex_flags |= EX_SIZEOF;
+		free_expression(*expp);
+		*expp = expr;
+		break;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/code.c b/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/code.c
index 21b022413..442c19e9e 100644
--- a/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/code.c
+++ b/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/code.c
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ do_return_expr(expr)
 	/*	do_return_expr() generates the expression and the jump for
 		a return statement with an expression.
 	*/
-	ch7cast(&expr, RETURN, func_type);
+	ch3cast(&expr, RETURN, func_type);
 	code_expr(expr, RVAL, TRUE, NO_LABEL, NO_LABEL);
 	C_bra(return_label);
 	return_expr_occurred = 1;
@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ loc_init(expr, id)
 		}
 	}
 	else	{	/* not embraced	*/
-		ch7cast(&expr, '=', tp);	/* may modify expr */
+		ch3cast(&expr, '=', tp);	/* may modify expr */
 #ifndef	LINT
 		{
 			struct value vl;
diff --git a/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/declar.g b/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/declar.g
index 86ca4b714..499c0270f 100644
--- a/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/declar.g
+++ b/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/declar.g
@@ -641,7 +641,14 @@ parameter_declarator(register struct declarator *dc;)
 			parameter_type_list(&pl)
 		|
 			formal_list(&fm)
-		]?
+		|
+			/* empty */
+			{
+				pl = new_proto();
+				pl->pl_type = void_type;
+				pl->pl_flag = PL_VOID;
+			}
+		]
 		')'
 		{   add_decl_unary(dc, FUNCTION, 0, (arith)0, fm, pl);
 		    reject_params(dc);
diff --git a/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/expr.c b/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/expr.c
index ae6f986a6..c523ed80a 100644
--- a/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/expr.c
+++ b/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/expr.c
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ new_oper(tp, e1, oper, e2)
 		expr->ex_depth =
 			(e1_depth > e2->ex_depth ? e1_depth : e2->ex_depth) + 1;
 		expr->ex_flags = (e1_flags | e2->ex_flags)
-			& ~(EX_PARENS | EX_READONLY /* ??? | EX_VOLATILE */ );
+			& ~(EX_PARENS | EX_READONLY | EX_VOLATILE );
 	}
 	op = &expr->ex_object.ex_oper;
 	op->op_type = tp;
diff --git a/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/expression.g b/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/expression.g
index 70dad650e..c3f23786a 100644
--- a/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/expression.g
+++ b/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/expression.g
@@ -85,13 +85,13 @@ postfix_expression(register struct expr **expp;)
 	primary(expp)
 	[
 		'[' expression(&e1) ']'
-			{ ch7bin(expp, '[', e1); e1 = 0; }
+			{ ch3bin(expp, '[', e1); e1 = 0; }
 	|
 		'(' parameter_list(&e1)? ')'
-			{ ch7bin(expp, '(', e1); call_proto(expp); e1 = 0; }
+			{ ch3bin(expp, '(', e1); call_proto(expp); e1 = 0; }
 	|
 		[ '.' | ARROW ]			{ oper = DOT; }
-		identifier(&idf)		{ ch7sel(expp, oper, idf); }
+		identifier(&idf)		{ ch3sel(expp, oper, idf); }
 	]*
 	[
 		[
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ postfix_expression(register struct expr **expp;)
 		|
 			MINMIN		{ oper = POSTDECR; }
 		]
-		    { ch7incr(expp, oper); }
+		    { ch3incr(expp, oper); }
 	]?
 ;
 
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ parameter_list(struct expr **expp;)
 		','
 		assignment_expression(&e1)
 		{any2opnd(&e1, PARCOMMA);}
-		{ch7bin(expp, PARCOMMA, e1);}
+		{ch3bin(expp, PARCOMMA, e1);}
 	]*
 ;
 
@@ -124,14 +124,14 @@ unary(register struct expr **expp;)
 :
 %if (first_of_type_specifier(AHEAD) && AHEAD != IDENTIFIER)
 	cast(&tp) unary(expp)
-	{	ch7cast(expp, CAST, tp);
+	{	ch3cast(expp, CAST, tp);
 		(*expp)->ex_flags |= EX_CAST;
 	}
 |
 	postfix_expression(expp)
 |
 	unop(&oper) unary(expp)
-	{ch7mon(oper, expp);}
+	{ch3mon(oper, expp);}
 |
 	size_of(expp)
 ;
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ size_of(register struct expr **expp;)
 		}
 	|
 		unary(expp)
-		{ch7mon(SIZEOF, expp);}
+		{ch3mon(SIZEOF, expp);}
 	]
 	{ InSizeof--; }
 ;
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ binary_expression(int maxrank; struct expr **expp;)
 		}
 		binary_expression(rank_of(oper)-1, &e1)
 		{
-			ch7bin(expp, oper, e1);
+			ch3bin(expp, oper, e1);
 			ResultKnown = OldResultKnown;
 		}
 	]*
@@ -249,9 +249,9 @@ conditional_expression(struct expr **expp;)
 		{	
 			check_conditional(e2, '=', "not allowed after :");
 			ResultKnown = OldResultKnown;
-			ch7bin(&e1, ':', e2);
+			ch3bin(&e1, ':', e2);
 			opnd2test(expp, '?');
-			ch7bin(expp, '?', e1);
+			ch3bin(expp, '?', e1);
 		}
 	]?
 ;
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ assignment_expression(struct expr **expp;)
 	[%prefer	/* (rank_of(DOT) <= maxrank) for any asgnop */
 		asgnop(&oper)
 		assignment_expression(&e1)
-		{ch7asgn(expp, oper, e1);}
+		{ch3asgn(expp, oper, e1);}
 	|
 		empty		/* LLgen artefact ??? */
 	]
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ expression(struct expr **expp;)
 	[	','
 		assignment_expression(&e1)
 		{
-			ch7bin(expp, ',', e1);
+			ch3bin(expp, ',', e1);
 		}
 	]*
 ;
diff --git a/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/idf.c b/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/idf.c
index 6f557abf9..c8c06d655 100644
--- a/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/idf.c
+++ b/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/idf.c
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ global_redecl(idf, new_sc, tp)
 	register struct def *def = idf->id_def;
 	int retval;
 
-	if (!(retval = equal_type(tp, def->df_type)))
+	if (!(retval = equal_type(tp, def->df_type, 0)))
 		error("redeclaration of %s with different type", idf->id_text);
 	else if (retval == 1)
 		update_proto(tp, def->df_type);
@@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ check_formals(idf, dc)
 		}
 		while(fm && pl) {
 		    if (!equal_type(promoted_type(fm->fm_idf->id_def->df_type)
-					, pl->pl_type)) {
+					, pl->pl_type, 0)) {
 			if (!(pl->pl_flag & PL_ERRGIVEN))
 			    error("incorrect type for parameter %s"
 						, fm->fm_idf->id_text);
@@ -638,6 +638,7 @@ check_formals(idf, dc)
 		}
 		if (pl == 0) {		/* make func(void) */
 			pl = new_proto();
+			pl->pl_type = void_type;
 			pl->pl_flag = PL_VOID;
 		}
 		idf->id_def->df_type->tp_pseudoproto = pl;
diff --git a/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/ival.g b/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/ival.g
index 96a051631..38fc01e34 100644
--- a/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/ival.g
+++ b/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/ival.g
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ check_ival(expp, tp)
 	register struct type *tp;
 	struct expr **expp;
 {
-	/*	The philosophy here is that ch7cast puts an explicit
+	/*	The philosophy here is that ch3cast puts an explicit
 		conversion node in front of the expression if the types
 		are not compatible.  In this case, the initialisation
 		expression is no longer a constant.
@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ check_ival(expp, tp)
 	case LONG:
 	case ENUM:
 	case POINTER:
-		ch7cast(expp, '=', tp);
+		ch3cast(expp, '=', tp);
 		expr = *expp;
 #ifdef DEBUG
 		print_expr("init-expr after cast", expr);
@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ check_ival(expp, tp)
 	case FLOAT:
 	case DOUBLE:
 	case LNGDBL:
-		ch7cast(expp, '=', tp);
+		ch3cast(expp, '=', tp);
 		expr = *expp;
 #ifdef DEBUG
 		print_expr("init-expr after cast", expr);
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ and also to prevent runtime coercions for compile-time constants.
 
 #ifndef NOBITFIELD
 	case FIELD:
-		ch7cast(expp, '=', tp->tp_up);
+		ch3cast(expp, '=', tp->tp_up);
 		expr = *expp;
 #ifdef DEBUG
 		print_expr("init-expr after cast", expr);
diff --git a/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/l_misc.c b/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/l_misc.c
index 9f670446d..b706930c2 100644
--- a/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/l_misc.c
+++ b/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/l_misc.c
@@ -52,14 +52,14 @@ lint_new_oper(expr)
 		right == 0 ? 0 :		/* for ( without parameters */
 		right->ex_type->tp_fund;
 
-	/*	In ch7.c, in ch7asgn(), a combined operator/assignment
+	/*	In ch3.c, in ch3asgn(), a combined operator/assignment
 		is hammered into correctness by repeated application of
-		ch7bin(), which calls new_oper(), which calls lint_new_oper().
+		ch3bin(), which calls new_oper(), which calls lint_new_oper().
 		These spurious calls understandably cause spurious error
 		messages, which we don't like.  So we try to suppress these
 		wierd calls here.  This refers to the code marked
 			this is really $#@&*%$# !
-		in ch7asgn().
+		in ch3asgn().
 	*/
 	switch (oper) {
 	case PLUSAB:
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ lint_new_oper(expr)
 		else {
 			/* binary */
 			if (l_fund == ENUM && r_fund == ENUM) {
-				if (!equal_type(left->ex_type, right->ex_type))
+				if (!equal_type(left->ex_type, right->ex_type, 0))
 					warning("subtracting enums of different type");
 				/* update the type, cem does not do it */
 				expr->ex_type = int_type;
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ lint_new_oper(expr)
 	case EQUAL:
 	case NOTEQUAL:
 		if (	(l_fund == ENUM || r_fund == ENUM)
-		&&	!equal_type(left->ex_type, right->ex_type)
+		&&	!equal_type(left->ex_type, right->ex_type, 0)
 		) {
 			warning("comparing enum with non-enum");
 		}
diff --git a/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/proto.c b/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/proto.c
index a078a2d48..4fc7d641f 100644
--- a/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/proto.c
+++ b/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/proto.c
@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ call_proto(expp)
 				break;
 			}
 			else if (!(pstack[pcnt]->pl_flag & PL_ELLIPSIS)) {
-				ch7cast(estack[ecnt],CASTAB,pstack[pcnt]->pl_type);
+				ch3cast(estack[ecnt],CASTAB,pstack[pcnt]->pl_type);
 				pcnt--;
 			} else
 				any2parameter(estack[ecnt]);
diff --git a/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/struct.c b/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/struct.c
index 048fa981b..63a1b05b3 100644
--- a/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/struct.c
+++ b/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/struct.c
@@ -252,22 +252,23 @@ idf2sdef(idf, tp)
 	register struct idf *idf;
 	struct type *tp;
 {
-	/*	The identifier idf is identified as a selector, preferably
-		in the struct tp, but we will settle for any unique
-		identification.
-		If the attempt fails, a selector of type error_type is
+	/*	The identifier idf is identified as a selector
+		in the struct tp.
+		If there is no such member, give a member with the same
+		name.
+		If this fails too, a selector of type error_type is
 		created.
 	*/
 	register struct sdef **sdefp = &idf->id_sdef, *sdef;
 	
 	/* Follow chain from idf, to meet tp. */
 	while ((sdef = *sdefp))	{
-		if (equal_type(sdef->sd_stype, tp))
+		if (equal_type(sdef->sd_stype, tp, 0))
 			return sdef;
 		sdefp = &(*sdefp)->next;
 	}
 	
-	/* Tp not met; any unique identification will do. */
+	/* Tp not met; take an identification. */
 	if (sdef = idf->id_sdef)	{
 		/* There is an identification */
 		error("illegal use of selector %s", idf->id_text);
diff --git a/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/switch.c b/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/switch.c
index 39beb9de7..8d4575e95 100644
--- a/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/switch.c
+++ b/lang/cem/cemcom.ansi/switch.c
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ code_case(expr)
 	}
 	if (expr->ex_flags & EX_ERROR) /* is probably 0 anyway */
 		return;
-	ch7cast(&expr, CASE, sh->sh_type);
+	ch3cast(&expr, CASE, sh->sh_type);
 	ce = new_case_entry();
 	C_df_ilb(ce->ce_label = text_label());
 	ce->ce_value = val = expr->VL_VALUE;