Tune the installed manual pages.
This commit slightly improves the formatting of the manuals. My
OpenBSD machine uses mandoc(1) to format manuals. I check the manuals
with `mandoc -T lint` and fix most of the warnings. I also make
other changes where mandoc didn't warn me.
roff(7) says, "Each sentence should terminate at the end of an input
line," but we often forgot this rule. I insert some newlines after
sentences that had ended mid-line.
roff(7) also says that blank lines "are only permitted within literal
contexts." I delete blank lines. This removes some extra blank lines
from mandoc's output. If I do want a blank line in the output, I call
".sp 1" to make it in man(7). If I want a blank line in the source,
but not the output, I put a plain dot "." so roff ignores it.
Hyphens used for command-line options, like \-a, should be escaped by
a backslash. I insert a few missing backslashes.
mandoc warns if the date in .TH doesn't look like a date. Our manuals
had a missing date or the RCS keyword "$Revision$". Git doesn't
expand RCS keywords. I put in today's date, 2017-01-18.
Some manuals used tab characters in filled mode. That doesn't work.
I use .nf to turn off filled mode, or I use .IP in man(7) to make the
indentation without a tab character.
ack(1) defined a macro .SB but never used it, so I delete the
definition. I also remove a call to the missing macro .RF.
mandoc warns about empty paragraphs. I deleted them. mandoc also
warned about these macro pairs in anm(1):
.SM
.B text
The .SM did nothing because the .B text is on a different line. I
changed each pair to .SB for small bold text.
I make a few other small changes.
This commit is contained in:
George Koehler
parent
d7df126730
commit
f91bc2804d
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@ -1,68 +1,53 @@
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.TH EM_B 6
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.TH EM_B 6 2017-01-18
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.ad
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.SH NAME
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em_b \- ACK B compiler
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B ~em/lib/ack/em_b
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.RI [ options ]
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.RI [ options ]
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.I em_b
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is a port of the ABC B compiler to the ACK. Interested parties will be
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is a port of the ABC B compiler to the ACK.
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Interested parties will be
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interested in the upstream distribution here:
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.nf
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.sp
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https://github.com/aap/abc
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.fi
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However, the version here has been heavily modified --- bug reports should be
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.PP
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However, the version here has been heavily modified \(em bug reports should be
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filed with the ACK, not with the upstream compiler.
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.PP
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Since B was designed for machines with word addressing, some hacking is
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required to make it work on modern, byte addressed machines. The generated
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required to make it work on modern, byte addressed machines.
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The generated
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code expects B variables to contain word addresses, and then generates
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code to transform these into native addresses before use (which,
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unfortunately, impacts performance). However, the ACK's linker doesn't know
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unfortunately, impacts performance).
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However, the ACK's linker doesn't know
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how to emit word addresses into the program's data sections, and so a
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separate fixup stage has to happen at runtime, just before \fBmain()\fP,
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to convert the byte addresses into word addresses.
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.PP
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The end result is that using multiple source files with B is somewhat
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unwieldy, requiring each module to be explicitly named and then an extra
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stage to generate the fixup code. See the \fBack\fP(1) and \fBabmodules\fP(1)
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for details.
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stage to generate the fixup code.
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See the \fBack\fP(1) and \fBabmodules\fP(1) for details.
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.SH OPTIONS
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.I em_b
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accepts the following flags:
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.IP \-w\ \fIsize\fP
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Sets the word size, used for scaling addresses. Usually either 2 or 4.
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Sets the word size, used for scaling addresses.
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Usually either 2 or 4.
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.IP \-B\ \fIname\fP
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Sets the name of the module currently being compiled (used to generate the
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fixup table symbol name). Defaults to \fImain\fP if not specified.
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fixup table symbol name).
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Defaults to \fImain\fP if not specified.
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.IP \-i\ \fIfilename\fP
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The source B file.
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.IP \-o\ \fIfilename\fP
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The output compact EM bytecode file.
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.SH SEE ALSO
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\fIack\fR(1), \fIabmodules\fR(1)
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.SH REMARKS
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It is very unlikely the \fIem_b\fP will ever be useful for anything.
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@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
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.TH EM_M2 6 "$Revision$"
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.TH EM_M2 6 2017-01-18
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.ad
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.SH NAME
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em_m2 \- ACK Modula\-2 compiler
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B ~em/lib.bin/em_m2
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.RI [ option ]
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.RI [ option ]
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.I source
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.I destination
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ into EM code.
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The input is taken from
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.IR source ,
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while the
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EM code is written on
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EM code is written on
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.IR destination .
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.br
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.PP
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.I Option
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is a, possibly empty, sequence of the following combinations:
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.IP \fB\-I\fIdirname\fR
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@ -65,7 +65,8 @@ make all procedure names global, so that \fIadb\fR(1) understands them.
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.IP \fB\-g\fR
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produce a DBX-style symbol table.
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.IP \fB\-l\fR
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enable local extensions. Currently, there are two local extensions:
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enable local extensions.
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Currently, there are two local extensions:
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procedure constants, and the type LONGCARD.
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.IP \fB\-s\fR
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make INTEGER ranges symmetric, t.i., MIN(INTEGER) = - MAX(INTEGER).
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@ -77,11 +78,11 @@ disable all range checks.
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enable extra array bound checks, for machines that do not implement the
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EM ones.
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.IP \fB-U\fR
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allow for underscores within identifiers. Identifiers may not start with
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allow for underscores within identifiers.
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Identifiers may not start with
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an underscore, even if this flag is given.
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.IP \fB-3\fR
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only accept Modula-2 programs that strictly conform to [1].
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.LP
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.SH SEE ALSO
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\fIack\fR(1), \fImodula-2\fR(1)
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.IP [1]
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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.TH EM_PC 6 "$Revision$"
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.TH EM_PC 6 2017-01-18
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.ad
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.SH NAME
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em_pc \- Pascal compiler
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@ -45,9 +45,9 @@ and the \fIn\fR parameter for the alignment of that type.
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Absence of \fIm\fR or \fIn\fR causes a default value to be retained.
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.IP \fB\-w\fR
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suppress warning messages.
|
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.IP
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.IP \fB\-R\fR
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disable range checks. Additionally, the run-time tests to see if
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disable range checks.
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Additionally, the run-time tests to see if
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a function is assigned, are skipped.
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.IP \fB\-A\fR
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enable extra array bound checks, for machines that do not implement the
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@ -55,26 +55,28 @@ EM ones.
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.IP \fB\-C\fR
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the lower case and upper case letters are treated differently.
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.IP "\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-U\fR"
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allow underscores in identifiers. It is not allowed to start an identifier
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allow underscores in identifiers.
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It is not allowed to start an identifier
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with an underscore.
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.IP \fB\-a\fR
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don't generate code for assertions.
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.IP \fB\-c\fR
|
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allow C-like strings. This option is mainly intended for usage with
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C-functions. This option will cause the type 'string' to be known.
|
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allow C-like strings.
|
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This option is mainly intended for usage with C-functions.
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This option will cause the type 'string' to be known.
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.IP \fB\-d\fR
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allow the type 'long'.
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.IP \fB\-i\fR\fIn\fR
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set the size of integer sets to \fIn\fR. When not used, a default value is
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retained.
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.IP \fB\-s\fR
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allow only standard Pascal. This disables the \fB\-c\fR, \fB\-d\fR, \fB\-u\fR,
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\fB\-U\fR and \fB\-C\fR
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options. Furthermore, assertions are not recognized at all (instead of just
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allow only standard Pascal.
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This disables the \fB\-c\fR, \fB\-d\fR, \fB\-u\fR,
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\fB\-U\fR and \fB\-C\fR options.
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Furthermore, assertions are not recognized at all (instead of just
|
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being skipped).
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.IP \fB\-t\fR
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trace calls and exits of procedures and functions.
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.PP
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.SH FILES
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.IR ~em/lib/em_pc :
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binary of the Pascal compiler.
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|
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@ -1,23 +1,12 @@
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.\" $Id$
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.de SB
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.\" SuBheader
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.sp 1
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.PP
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.nr Sf \\n(.f
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.ft B
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\\$1 \\$2 \\$3 \\$4 \\$5 \\$6 \\$7 \\$8 \\$9
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.ft \\n(Sf
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.sp 1
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..
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.TH ACK 1 "$Revision$"
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.TH ACK 1 2017-01-18
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.ad
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|
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.
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.SH NAME
|
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ack \- Amsterdam Compiler Kit
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|
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.
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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\fBack\fP arguments
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.
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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This program transforms sources in several
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languages to load files for a variety of machines,
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@ -73,10 +62,8 @@ Optimized compact EM assembly code.
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Machine assembly language code.
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.IP .o
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Object file.
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.PP
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.
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.SH OPTIONS
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\fIAck\fP accepts the following flags:
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.IP \-m\fImachine\fP
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This flag tells \fIack\fP to generate a load file for \fImachine\fP.
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|
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@ -106,7 +93,8 @@ Note: \fIack\fP refuses to overwrite argument \fI.e\fP files.
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Preserve all intermediate files.
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If two \fB\-t\fP are used,
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\fIack\fP also preserves output of failed transformations.
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.
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.sp 1
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.IP \-w
|
||||
Suppress all warning messages.
|
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.IP \-v
|
||||
|
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@ -118,7 +106,8 @@ Tell the C-compiler to conform to "Kernighan & Ritchie" C.
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Tell \fIack\fP to use the ANSI C compiler instead of the old one.
|
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.IP \-fp
|
||||
Use the software floating point package, if present.
|
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|
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.
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.sp 1
|
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.IP \-I\fIdir\fP
|
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\&\`#include\' files whose names do not begin with \`/\' are
|
||||
always sought first in the directory of the \fIfile\fP argument,
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|
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@ -136,7 +125,8 @@ preprocessing.
|
|||
Don't generate line directives.
|
||||
.IP \-C
|
||||
Leave C-comments in.
|
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|
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.
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.sp 1
|
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.IP \-p
|
||||
This flag tells both the Pascal and C front ends to include
|
||||
code enabling the user to do some monitoring/debugging.
|
||||
|
|
@ -144,13 +134,16 @@ Each time a routine is entered the routine \fBprocentry\fP
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is called and just before each return \fBprocexit\fP is called.
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These routines are supplied with one parameter, a pointer
|
||||
to a string containing the name of the routine.
|
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|
||||
.
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||||
.sp 1
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||||
.IP \-B\fIname\fP
|
||||
Tells the B front end what the name of the module being compiled is, for use
|
||||
with separate compilation. Defaults to
|
||||
with separate compilation.
|
||||
Defaults to
|
||||
.I main
|
||||
if not specified. See the section below on compiling B.
|
||||
|
||||
.
|
||||
.sp 1
|
||||
.IP \-O
|
||||
.IP \-O\fInum\fP
|
||||
.IP \-O\fIopt1,opt2,...\fP
|
||||
|
|
@ -239,7 +232,8 @@ for higher levels: as for \-O4.
|
|||
Disable the generation of code by the front ends to
|
||||
record line number and source file name at run-time.
|
||||
(This is the default for C and Fortran).
|
||||
|
||||
.
|
||||
.sp 1
|
||||
.IP \-l\fIname\fP
|
||||
Tells \fIack\fP to insert a library module at this point.
|
||||
For example: the library \fImon\fP contains the
|
||||
|
|
@ -259,13 +253,14 @@ These flags tell \fIack\fP to include the libraries needed when
|
|||
a file with \fIsuffix\fP would be included in the arguments.
|
||||
.IP \-LIB
|
||||
This flag tells the peephole optimizer
|
||||
.RF em_opt 6
|
||||
em_opt(6)
|
||||
to add information about the visibility of the names used
|
||||
to each output module.
|
||||
This is needed by
|
||||
assembler/linkers when these modules are to be inserted
|
||||
in libraries.
|
||||
|
||||
.
|
||||
.sp 1
|
||||
.IP \-{xxx}
|
||||
The string starting after \`{\' and terminated by a \`}\' is passed
|
||||
as an option string to the Pascal compiler and supersedes corresponding
|
||||
|
|
@ -293,7 +288,8 @@ the defaults per program.
|
|||
The changed options are recorded in the "e.out" header.
|
||||
These flags \-\- and \-+ are passed to the assembler for this purpose.
|
||||
So, \-\-t and \-+pfce invert the defaults.
|
||||
|
||||
.
|
||||
.sp 1
|
||||
.IP \-R\fIprogram=xxx\fP
|
||||
Replace the \fIprogram\fP by the pathname \fIxxx\fP.
|
||||
The program names referred to later in this manual are allowed here.
|
||||
|
|
@ -320,7 +316,7 @@ Sparc, Vax, Intel 80386.
|
|||
.PP
|
||||
All arguments without a suffix or with an unrecognized suffix
|
||||
are passed to the loaders, as for flags.
|
||||
|
||||
.
|
||||
.SH PREPROCESSOR
|
||||
All C source programs are run through the preprocessor
|
||||
before they are fed to the compiler proper.
|
||||
|
|
@ -341,40 +337,37 @@ EM_WSIZE:wordsize:EM_PSIZE:pointer size
|
|||
EM_SSIZE:size of shorts (C):EM_LSIZE:size of longs (C+Pascal)
|
||||
EM_FSIZE:size of floats (C):EM_DSIZE:size of doubles (C+Pascal)
|
||||
.TE
|
||||
.sp 1
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
The name of the \fImachine\fP or something like it when
|
||||
the machine name is numeric is also defined (as 1).
|
||||
As the ANSI C rules forbid this, in ANSI C, underscores are prepended to
|
||||
these names.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
The default directories searched for include files differ for each machine.
|
||||
|
||||
.
|
||||
.SH COMPILING B
|
||||
|
||||
B programs have special needs when compiled with the ACK. B modules have to be
|
||||
B programs have special needs when compiled with the ACK.
|
||||
B modules have to be
|
||||
initialised before use, to convert pointer addresses to word addresses; this is
|
||||
done automatically when compiling a single B source file to an executable, but
|
||||
must be done manually when using separate compilation.
|
||||
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
To do this, compile your B modules with the \fI-B\fP option as usual, and then
|
||||
use the
|
||||
.B abmodules
|
||||
program to scan the object files and emit a C file which performs the
|
||||
initialisation. Then compile this as well into an object file, and link the
|
||||
whole lot together. The result will be a runnable executable.
|
||||
|
||||
initialisation.
|
||||
Then compile this as well into an object file, and link the
|
||||
whole lot together.
|
||||
The result will be a runnable executable.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Beware --- referring to an uninitialised module will cause your program to
|
||||
Beware \(em referring to an uninitialised module will cause your program to
|
||||
crash!
|
||||
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
The default initialiser in the B standard library looks for a module called
|
||||
\fBmain\fP.
|
||||
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
For example:
|
||||
|
||||
.nf
|
||||
.sp
|
||||
ack -c -mpc86 thismodule.b -Bthismodule
|
||||
|
|
@ -384,7 +377,7 @@ abmodules -o binit.c thismodule.o thatmodule.o theothermodule.o
|
|||
ack -c -mpc86 binit.c
|
||||
ack -mpc86 -o pc86.exe thismodule.o thatmodule.o theothermodule.o binit.o
|
||||
.fi
|
||||
|
||||
.
|
||||
.SH PROGRAMS
|
||||
\fIAck\fP uses one or more programs in each phase of the
|
||||
transformation.
|
||||
|
|
@ -421,7 +414,7 @@ input:name:output:description
|
|||
\&.o:cv:a.out:Conversion from Ack object to machine object
|
||||
.TE
|
||||
.in -2
|
||||
|
||||
.
|
||||
.SH "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES"
|
||||
.IP ACKDIR
|
||||
If set, this environment variable overrides ack's idea of its home
|
||||
|
|
@ -432,13 +425,14 @@ machine it compiles for.
|
|||
.IP ACKFE
|
||||
If set, this environment variable tells ack where to get the front-end
|
||||
description file.
|
||||
.
|
||||
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
||||
.PD 0
|
||||
em_opt(6), em_ass(6), em_cg(6), ack.out(5)
|
||||
.IP [1]
|
||||
A.S. Tanenbaum, Hans van Staveren, Ed Keizer and Johan
|
||||
Stevenson, \fIDescription of a machine architecture for use with
|
||||
block structured languages\fP, Informatica rapport IR-81.
|
||||
.PD 0
|
||||
.IP [2]
|
||||
K. Jensen and N. Wirth,
|
||||
\fIPASCAL, User manual and report\fP Springer Verlag.
|
||||
|
|
@ -463,12 +457,13 @@ Informatica rapport IR-99.
|
|||
.IP [11]
|
||||
C.J.H. Jacobs, \fIThe ACK Modula-2 Compiler\fP.
|
||||
.PD
|
||||
.
|
||||
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
|
||||
.PD
|
||||
The diagnostics are intended to be self\-explanatory.
|
||||
.
|
||||
.SH BUGS
|
||||
Not all warning messages are superseded by \fB\-w\fP.
|
||||
.br
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Argument assembly files are not preprocessed when fed into the
|
||||
universal assembler/loader.
|
||||
.SH AUTHOR
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
|
|||
.TH ABMODULES 1
|
||||
.TH ABMODULES 1 2017-01-18
|
||||
.SH NAME
|
||||
abmodules \- find B modules
|
||||
|
||||
.SH SYNOPSIS
|
||||
abmodules [ \-o outputfile.c ] [ file ... ]
|
||||
|
||||
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
||||
.I abmodules
|
||||
finds B modules in a set of ack.out(5) format object files, and either lists
|
||||
them or generates a C file which initialises the modules.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
This tool is used for multiple compilation of B programs; B modules must be
|
||||
initiaised before use, and this tool generates the initialisation code for
|
||||
programs containing an abitrary number of modules. See em_b(6) for details.
|
||||
initialised before use, and this tool generates the initialisation code for
|
||||
programs containing an abitrary number of modules.
|
||||
See em_b(6) for details.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Options are:
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
|
|
@ -20,8 +19,7 @@ Options are:
|
|||
Write C source to
|
||||
.I filename
|
||||
containing a definition of a binit() function which will initalise all modules
|
||||
found. If not present, a simple list of module names is written to stdout
|
||||
instead.
|
||||
|
||||
found.
|
||||
If not present, a simple list of module names is written to stdout instead.
|
||||
.SH SEE ALSO
|
||||
ack.out(5), em_b(6)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
|
|||
.TH AELFLOD 1 "$Revision$"
|
||||
.TH AELFLOD 1 2017-01-18
|
||||
.SH NAME
|
||||
aelflod \- ACK ELF loader
|
||||
.SH SYNOPSIS
|
||||
.B aelflod
|
||||
[-a\fInumber\fP] [-b] [-h] [-l] [-m\fInumber\fP] [-v] inputfile outputfile
|
||||
[\-a\fInumber\fP] [\-b] [\-h] [\-l] [\-m\fInumber\fP] [\-v]
|
||||
inputfile outputfile
|
||||
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
||||
.I aelflod
|
||||
converts an absolute ack.out file into a simple binary memory
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
.TH ANM 1 "$Revision$"
|
||||
.TH ANM 1 2017-01-18
|
||||
.SH NAME
|
||||
anm \- print name list
|
||||
.SH SYNOPSIS
|
||||
|
|
@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ anm [ \-gnoprus ] [ file ... ]
|
|||
.I Anm
|
||||
prints the name list (symbol table) of each ack.out(5) format object
|
||||
.I file
|
||||
in the argument list. If an argument is an aal(1) or arch(1) archive,
|
||||
in the argument list.
|
||||
If an argument is an aal(1) or arch(1) archive,
|
||||
a listing of each object file in the archive will be produced.
|
||||
If no
|
||||
.I file
|
||||
|
|
@ -18,32 +19,24 @@ are listed.
|
|||
Each symbol name is preceded by its value, a section indicator
|
||||
and a type indicator.
|
||||
A section indicator can be
|
||||
.SM
|
||||
.B U
|
||||
.SB U
|
||||
(undefined symbol),
|
||||
.SM
|
||||
.B A
|
||||
.SB A
|
||||
(absolute symbol),
|
||||
.SM
|
||||
.B C
|
||||
.SB C
|
||||
(common symbol), a section number (section related symbol),
|
||||
or
|
||||
.SM
|
||||
.B -
|
||||
.SB \-
|
||||
(other symbol).
|
||||
A type indicator can be
|
||||
.SM
|
||||
.B F
|
||||
.SB F
|
||||
(filename),
|
||||
.SM
|
||||
.B M
|
||||
.SB M
|
||||
(module name),
|
||||
.SM
|
||||
.B E
|
||||
.SB E
|
||||
(external (global) symbol),
|
||||
or
|
||||
.SM
|
||||
.B -
|
||||
.SB \-
|
||||
(local symbol).
|
||||
The output is sorted alphabetically.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
|
|
@ -69,6 +62,5 @@ Print only undefined symbols.
|
|||
.TP
|
||||
.B \-s
|
||||
Sort in section order.
|
||||
.sh FILES
|
||||
.SH SEE ALSO
|
||||
ack.out(5)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
|
|||
.TH ASLOD 1 "$Revision$"
|
||||
.TH ASHOW 1 2017-01-18
|
||||
.SH NAME
|
||||
ashow \- make the contents of an ACK object file human readable
|
||||
.SH SYNOPSIS
|
||||
ashow inputfile inputfile...
|
||||
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
||||
.I ashow
|
||||
dumps the contents of an ack.out file in human-readable form. It shows
|
||||
dumps the contents of an ack.out file in human-readable form.
|
||||
It shows
|
||||
details of all symbols, relocation entries, sections, and other information.
|
||||
|
||||
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
||||
ack.out(5)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
.TH ASIZE 1 "$Revision$"
|
||||
.TH ASIZE 1 2017-01-18
|
||||
.SH NAME
|
||||
asize \- size of an object file
|
||||
.SH SYNOPSIS
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
|
|||
.TH ASLOD 1 "$Revision$"
|
||||
.TH ASLOD 1 2017-01-18
|
||||
.SH NAME
|
||||
aslod \- ACK simple loader
|
||||
.SH SYNOPSIS
|
||||
.B aslod
|
||||
[-h] [-v] inputfile outputfile
|
||||
[\-h] [\-v] inputfile outputfile
|
||||
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
||||
.I aslod
|
||||
converts an absolute ack.out file into a simple binary memory dump.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
.TH ASTRIP 1 "$Revision$"
|
||||
.TH ASTRIP 1 2017-01-18
|
||||
.SH NAME
|
||||
astrip \- remove symbols and relocation information
|
||||
.SH SYNOPSIS
|
||||
|
|
@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ ack.out(5) format object files.
|
|||
This is useful to save space after a program has been
|
||||
debugged.
|
||||
.SH FILES
|
||||
/tmp/s? temporary file
|
||||
.IP /tmp/s? 16n
|
||||
temporary file
|
||||
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
||||
ack.out(5)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
|
|||
.\" $Id$
|
||||
.TH AAL 1 "$Revision$"
|
||||
.TH AAL 1 2017-01-18
|
||||
.ad
|
||||
.SH NAME
|
||||
aal \- archive and library maintainer
|
||||
|
|
@ -18,10 +17,10 @@ only understands archives made with
|
|||
.PP
|
||||
.I Key
|
||||
is one character from the set
|
||||
.B qdrtx,
|
||||
.BR qdrtx ,
|
||||
optionally concatenated with
|
||||
one or more of
|
||||
.B vlc.
|
||||
.BR vlc .
|
||||
.I Afile
|
||||
is the archive file.
|
||||
The
|
||||
|
|
@ -82,9 +81,10 @@ The create option supresses the normal message that is produced when
|
|||
.I afile
|
||||
is created.
|
||||
.SH FILES
|
||||
/tmp/ar.* temporaries
|
||||
.IP /tmp/ar.* 16
|
||||
temporaries
|
||||
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
||||
led(6), arch(5),
|
||||
led(6), arch(5)
|
||||
.SH BUGS
|
||||
If the same file is mentioned twice in an argument list,
|
||||
it may be put in the archive twice.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
.TH "ACK.OUT" 5 "$Revision$"
|
||||
.TH "ACK.OUT" 5 2017-01-18
|
||||
.ad
|
||||
.SH NAME
|
||||
ack.out\ \-\ ACK-assembler and link editor output
|
||||
|
|
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ further processed on another.
|
|||
.ta \w'#define x'u +\w'XXXXXXXX'u +\w'XXXXXXXXXXX'u
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
In the following discussion, some structures are defined using
|
||||
\fBlong\fR and \fBshort\fR as type indicators.
|
||||
\fBlong\fR and \fBshort\fR as type indicators.
|
||||
It is assumed that the size of a short is 2 bytes (chars) and that the
|
||||
size of a long is 4 bytes.
|
||||
However, these types
|
||||
|
|
@ -55,7 +55,9 @@ struct outhead {
|
|||
};
|
||||
.fi
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
.nf
|
||||
#define HF_LINK 0x0004 /* unresolved references left */
|
||||
.fi
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
The fields of this structure have the following purpose:
|
||||
.nr x \w'oh_magic\ \ \ 'u
|
||||
|
|
@ -131,9 +133,10 @@ in tact.
|
|||
.br
|
||||
The next part of an object file contains the sections themselves.
|
||||
Usually, the LED program places the sections right behind one another in the
|
||||
target machine, taking the
|
||||
alignment requirements into account. However, the user is allowed to give
|
||||
the start addresses of each section. But if the user gave a start address for
|
||||
target machine, taking the alignment requirements into account.
|
||||
However, the user is allowed to give
|
||||
the start addresses of each section.
|
||||
But if the user gave a start address for
|
||||
say section 2, but not for section 3, section 3 will be put
|
||||
right behind section 2.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
|
|
@ -194,13 +197,16 @@ The fields of this structure have the following purpose:
|
|||
Contains several flags: One of RELO1, RELO2 and RELO4 is set, indicating the
|
||||
size of the relocatable datum, RELPC is set when the datum is
|
||||
relocated pc relative, RELBR and RELWR indicate byte and word order of
|
||||
the relocatable datum. RELBR and RELWR are needed here. It is not sufficient
|
||||
the relocatable datum.
|
||||
RELBR and RELWR are needed here.
|
||||
It is not sufficient
|
||||
to have flags for them in the header of the object file, because some
|
||||
machines (NS 32016) use several of the possible combinations in their
|
||||
instruction encoding.
|
||||
.IP or_sect \nxu
|
||||
Contains the section number of the referenc\fIing\fR section. This is a number
|
||||
that lies between S_MIN and S_MAX. The section indicated with number S_MIN
|
||||
Contains the section number of the referenc\fIing\fR section.
|
||||
This is a number that lies between S_MIN and S_MAX.
|
||||
The section indicated with number S_MIN
|
||||
is the first section in the sections-section, etc.
|
||||
.IP or_addr \nxu
|
||||
Contains the address of the relocatable datum, in the form of an
|
||||
|
|
@ -209,10 +215,12 @@ offset from the base of the section indicated in the \fIor_sect\fR field.
|
|||
Usually contains the index of the referenced symbol in the symbol table,
|
||||
starting at 0.
|
||||
In this case, the reference is to an undefined external symbol, a common
|
||||
symbol, or a section name. The relocatable datum then contains
|
||||
symbol, or a section name.
|
||||
The relocatable datum then contains
|
||||
an offset from the indicated symbol or the start of the indicated section.
|
||||
It may, however, also have the same value as
|
||||
the \fIoh_nname\fR field of the header. In this case the relocatable datum
|
||||
the \fIoh_nname\fR field of the header.
|
||||
In this case the relocatable datum
|
||||
is an absolute number, and the datum is relocated pc relative.
|
||||
The relocatable datum must then be relocated with respect to the
|
||||
base address of its section.
|
||||
|
|
@ -250,12 +258,13 @@ struct outname {
|
|||
.PP
|
||||
The members of this structure have the following purpose:
|
||||
.IP on_foff \nxu
|
||||
Contains the offset of the name from the beginning of the file. The name
|
||||
extends from the offset to the next null byte.
|
||||
Contains the offset of the name from the beginning of the file.
|
||||
The name extends from the offset to the next null byte.
|
||||
.IP on_type \nxu
|
||||
The S_TYP field of this member contains the section number of the symbol.
|
||||
Here, this number may be S_ABS for an absolute item, or S_UND, for an
|
||||
undefined item. The S_EXT flag is set in this member if the symbol is external.
|
||||
undefined item.
|
||||
The S_EXT flag is set in this member if the symbol is external.
|
||||
The S_ETC field has the following flags:
|
||||
S_SCT is set if the symbol represents a section name,
|
||||
S_COM is set if the symbol represents a common name,
|
||||
|
|
@ -265,15 +274,16 @@ and S_MOD is set if the symbol refers to an assembler source file item.
|
|||
.IP on_desc \nxu
|
||||
Currently not used.
|
||||
.IP on_valu \nxu
|
||||
Is not used if the symbol refers to an undefined item. For absolute items
|
||||
Is not used if the symbol refers to an undefined item.
|
||||
For absolute items
|
||||
it contains the value, for common names it contains the size, and
|
||||
for anything else it contains the offset from the beginning of the section.
|
||||
In a fully linked binary, the beginning of the section is added.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
.B The string area.
|
||||
.br
|
||||
The last part of an object file contains the name list. This is just a
|
||||
sequence of null-terminated strings.
|
||||
The last part of an object file contains the name list.
|
||||
This is just a sequence of null-terminated strings.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
The relocation information, the symbol table, and the name list do not
|
||||
have to be present, but then of course we do not have a relocatable
|
||||
|
|
@ -283,7 +293,6 @@ object file.
|
|||
.br
|
||||
The following miscellaneous defines might come in handy when reading
|
||||
object files:
|
||||
.fi
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
.nf
|
||||
/*
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
.TH LED 6 "$Revision$"
|
||||
.TH LED 6 2017-01-18
|
||||
.ad
|
||||
.SH NAME
|
||||
led \- link editor
|
||||
|
|
@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ The previous remarks about
|
|||
and
|
||||
.I nnnn
|
||||
apply.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B \-o
|
||||
The
|
||||
.I name
|
||||
|
|
@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ is used as the name of the
|
|||
.I led
|
||||
output file, instead of
|
||||
.BR a.out .
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B \-r
|
||||
Generate relocation information in the output file
|
||||
so that it can be the subject of another
|
||||
|
|
@ -104,7 +104,8 @@ at load time. This flag disables the \fB\-r\fP flag.
|
|||
.TP
|
||||
.B \-n
|
||||
Usually, after linking, a value in the namelist represents an absolute
|
||||
address. Sometimes, particularly when using the \fB\-c\fR flag, it may be
|
||||
address.
|
||||
Sometimes, particularly when using the \fB\-c\fR flag, it may be
|
||||
useful to have as value the offset with respect to the beginning of the
|
||||
corresponding section. The \fB\-n\fR flag enables this.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
|
|
@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ corresponding section. The \fB\-n\fR flag enables this.
|
|||
`Strip' the output, that is, remove the name table
|
||||
and relocation information to save space (but impair the
|
||||
usefulness of the debuggers).
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B \-u
|
||||
Take the following argument as a symbol and enter
|
||||
it as undefined in the name table.
|
||||
|
|
@ -129,9 +130,12 @@ chose to link it (which unresolved reference it resolves).
|
|||
This option is useful in resolving 'multiply defined' problems.
|
||||
.SH FILES
|
||||
~em/lib.bin/em_led
|
||||
a.out output file
|
||||
.PD 0
|
||||
.IP a.out 24n
|
||||
output file
|
||||
.PD
|
||||
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
||||
ack(1)
|
||||
arch(1)
|
||||
ack.out.h(5)
|
||||
ack(1),
|
||||
arch(1),
|
||||
ack.out.h(5),
|
||||
uni_ass(6)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
|
|||
.\" $Id$
|
||||
.TH EM_DECODE 6 "$Revision$"
|
||||
.TH EM_DECODE 6 2017-01-18
|
||||
.ad
|
||||
.SH NAME
|
||||
em_decode,em_encode \- compact to readable EM and v.v.
|
||||
em_decode, em_encode \- compact to readable EM and v.v.
|
||||
.SH SYNOPSIS
|
||||
.B ~em/lib.bin/em_decode
|
||||
[ inputfile [ outputfile ] ]
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
.TH ESIZE I
|
||||
.TH ESIZE 1 2017-01-18
|
||||
.SH NAME
|
||||
esize \- print info from e.out header
|
||||
.SH SYNOPSIS
|
||||
|
|
@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ esize \- print info from e.out header
|
|||
prints information from the
|
||||
.I e.out
|
||||
headers of the indicated files, including flags, word and pointer sizes,
|
||||
text and data sizes, etc. All values are in decimal.
|
||||
text and data sizes, etc.
|
||||
All values are in decimal.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
If no parameters are given, the header of
|
||||
.I e.out
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
|
|||
.\" $Id$
|
||||
.TH EM_OPT 6 "$Revision$"
|
||||
.TH EM_OPT 6 2017-01-18
|
||||
.ad
|
||||
.SH NAME
|
||||
em_opt \- EM peephole optimizer
|
||||
.SH SYNOPSIS
|
||||
.B ~em/lib.bin/em_opt
|
||||
[-Ln] [-m[l]<num>] [ argument ]
|
||||
[\-Ln] [\-m[l]<num>] [ argument ]
|
||||
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
||||
Em_opt reads a compact EM-program, argument or standard input,
|
||||
and produces another compact EM program on standard output
|
||||
|
|
@ -15,22 +14,22 @@ Some other functions are here that make this program mandatory
|
|||
before running a codegenerator,
|
||||
it may be left out when interpretation is wanted.
|
||||
Flags recognized are:
|
||||
.IP -L
|
||||
.IP \-L
|
||||
Make a library module.
|
||||
This means that the output will start with a message giving
|
||||
the names of all exported entities in this module.
|
||||
.IP -n
|
||||
.IP \-n
|
||||
Do not optimize.
|
||||
No peephole optimizations will be performed,
|
||||
other functions will be carried out.
|
||||
.IP -m<num>
|
||||
.IP \-m<num>
|
||||
Try to replace multiplies with constants by combinations of shifts and adds,
|
||||
but no more than <num> of them. Integer overflow detection is lost with this
|
||||
option.
|
||||
.IP -ml<num>
|
||||
Like -m<num>, but also for long multiplies.
|
||||
but no more than <num> of them.
|
||||
Integer overflow detection is lost with this option.
|
||||
.IP \-ml<num>
|
||||
Like \-m<num>, but also for long multiplies.
|
||||
.SH "FILES"
|
||||
/tmp/emopt??????, is used when the -L flag is given only.
|
||||
/tmp/emopt??????, is used when the \-L flag is given only.
|
||||
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
||||
ack(1)
|
||||
.PD 0
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue