753 lines
16 KiB
Text
753 lines
16 KiB
Text
.\" $Header$
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.ll 72n
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.wh 0 hd
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.wh 60 fo
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'sp 5
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..
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.de fo
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'bp
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..
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.tr ~
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. PARAGRAPH
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.de PP
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.sp
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..
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. CHAPTER
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.de CH
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.br
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.ne 15
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.sp 3
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.in 0
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\\fB\\$1\\fR
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.in 5
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.PP
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..
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. SUBCHAPTER
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.de SH
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.br
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.ne 10
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.sp
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.in 5
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\\fB\\$1\\fR
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.in 10
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.PP
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..
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. INDENT START
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.de IS
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.sp
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.in +5
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..
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. INDENT END
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.de IE
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.in -5
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..
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. EQUATION START
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.de EQ
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.nf
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. EQUATION END
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.de EN
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..
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. TEST
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.de TT
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.ti -5
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Test~\\$1:~
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.br
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..
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. IMPLEMENTATION 1
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.de I1
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.br
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Implementation~1:
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..
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. IMPLEMENTATION 2
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.de I2
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.br
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Implementation~2:
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..
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.de CS
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.br
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~-~\\
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..
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.br
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.fi
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.sp 5
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.ce
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\fBPascal Validation Suite Report\fR
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.CH "Pascal processor identification"
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The ACK-Pascal compiler produces code for an EM machine
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as defined in [1].
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It is up to the implementor of the EM machine whether errors like
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integer overflow, undefined operand and range bound error are recognized or not.
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Therefore it depends on the EM machine implementation whether these errors
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are recognized in Pascal programs or not.
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The validation suite results of all known implementations are given.
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.PP
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There does not (yet) exist a hardware EM machine.
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Therefore, EM programs must be interpreted, or translated into
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instructions for a target machine.
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The following implementations currently exist:
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.IS
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.I1
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an interpreter running on a PDP-11 (using UNIX).
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The normal mode of operation for this interpreter is to check
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for undefined integers, overflow, range errors etc.
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.sp
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.I2
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a translator into PDP-11 instructions (using UNIX).
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Less checks are performed than in the interpreter, because the translator
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is intended to speed up the execution of well-debugged programs.
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.IE
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.CH "Test Conditions"
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Tester: E.G. Keizer
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.br
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Date: October 1983
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.br
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Validation Suite version: 3.0
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.PP
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The final test run is made with a slightly
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modified validation suite.
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.SH "Erroneous programs"
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Some test did not conform to the standard proposal of February 1979.
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It is this version of the standard proposal that is used
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by the authors of the validation suite.
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.IS
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.TT 6.6.3.7-4
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The semicolon between high and integer on line 17 is replaced
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by a colon.
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.sp
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.TT 6.7.2.2-13
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The div operator on line 14 replaced by mod.
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.CH "Conformance tests"
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Number of tests passed = 150
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.br
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Number of tests failed = 6
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.SH "Details of failed tests"
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.IS
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.TT 6.1.2-1
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Character sequences starting with the 8 characters 'procedur'
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or 'function' are
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erroneously classified as the word-symbols 'procedure' and 'function'.
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.sp
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.TT 6.1.3-2
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Identifiers identical in the first eight characters, but
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differing in ninth or higher numbered characters are treated as
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identical.
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.sp
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.TT 6.5.1-1
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ACK-Pascal requires all formal program parameters to be
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declared with type \fIfile\fP.
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.sp
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.TT 6.6.6.5-1
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Gives run-time error eof seen at call to eoln.
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A have a hunch that this is a error in the suit.
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.sp
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.TT 6.6.4.1-1
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Redefining the names of some standard procedures leads to incorrect
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behaviour of the runtime system.
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In this case it crashes without a sensible error message.
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.sp
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.TT 6.9.3.5.1-1
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This test can not be translated by our compiler because two
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non-identical variables are used in the same block with the same first eight
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characters.
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The test passed after replacement of one of those names.
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.IE
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.CH "Deviance tests"
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Number of deviations correctly detected = 120
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.br
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Number of tests not detecting deviations = 20
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.SH "Details of deviations"
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The following tests are compiled without a proper error
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indication although they do
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not conform to the standard.
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.IS
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.TT 6.1.6-5
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ACK-Pascal allows labels in the range 0..32767.
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A warning is produced when testing for deviations from the
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standard.
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.sp
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.TT 6.1.8-5
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A missing space between a number and a word symbol is not
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detected.
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.sp
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.TT 6.2.2-8
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.TT 6.3-6
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.TT 6.4.1-3
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.TT 6.6.1-3
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.TT 6.6.1-4
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Undetected scope error. The scope of an identifier should start at the
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beginning of the block in which it is declared.
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In the ACK-Pascal compiler the scope starts just after the declaration,
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however.
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.sp
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.TT 6.4.3.3-7
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The values of fields from one variant are accessible from
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another variant.
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The correlation is exact.
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.sp
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.TT 6.6.3.3-4
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The passing as a variable parameter of the selector of a
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variant part is not detected.
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A runtime error is produced because the variant selector is not
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initialized.
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.sp
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.TT 6.8.2.4-2
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.TT 6.8.2.4-3
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.TT 6.8.2.4-4
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.TT 6.8.2.4-5
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.TT 6.8.2.4-6
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The ACK-Pascal compiler does not restrict the places from where
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you may jump to a label by means of a goto-statement.
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.sp
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.TT 6.8.3.9-5
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.TT 6.8.3.9-6
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.TT 6.8.3.9-7
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.TT 6.8.3.9-16
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There are no errors produced for assignments to a variable
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in use as control-variable of a for-statement.
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.TT 6.8.3.9-8
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.TT 6.8.3.9-9
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Use of a controlled variable after leaving the loop without
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intervening initialization is not detected.
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.IE
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.CH "Error handling"
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The results depend on the EM implementation.
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.sp
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Number of errors correctly detected =
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.in +5
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.I1
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32
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.I2
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17
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.in -5
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Number of errors not detected =
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.in +5
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.I1
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21
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.I2
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36
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.in -5
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Number of errors incorrectly detected =
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.in +5
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.I1
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2
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.I2
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2
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.in -5
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.SH "Details of errors not detected"
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The following test fails because the ACK-Pascal compiler only
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generates a warning that does not prevent to run the tests.
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.IS
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.TT 6.6.2-8
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A warning is produced if there is no assignment to a function-identifier.
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.IE
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With this test the ACK-Pascal compiler issues an error message for a legal
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construct not directly related to the error to be detected.
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.IS
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.TT 6.5.5-2
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Program does not compile.
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Buffer variable of text file is not allowed as variable
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parameter.
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.IE
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The following errors are not detected at all.
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.IS
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.TT 6.2.1-11
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.I2
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The use of an undefined integer is not caught as an error.
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.sp
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.TT 6.4.3.3-10
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.TT 6.4.3.3-11
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.TT 6.4.3.3-12
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.TT 6.4.3.3-13
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The notion of 'current variant' is not implemented, not even if a tagfield
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is present.
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.sp
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.TT 6.4.5-15
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.TT 6.4.6-9
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.TT 6.4.6-10
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.TT 6.4.6-11
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.TT 6.5.3.2-2
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.I2
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Subrange bounds are not checked.
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.sp
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.TT 6.4.6-12
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.TT 6.4.6-13
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.TT 6.7.2.4-4
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If the base-type of a set is a subrange, then the set elements are not checked
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against the bounds of the subrange.
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Only the host-type of this subrange-type is relevant for ACK-Pascal.
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.sp
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.TT 6.5.4-1
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.I2
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Nil pointers are not detected.
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.sp
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.TT 6.5.4-2
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.I2
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Undefined pointers are not detected.
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.sp
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.TT 6.5.5-3
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Changing the file position while the window is in use as actual variable
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parameter or as an element of the record variable list of a with-statement
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is not detected.
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.sp
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.TT 6.6.2-9
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An undefined function result is not detected,
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because it is never used in an expression.
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.sp
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|
.TT 6.6.5.3-6
|
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.TT 6.6.5.3-7
|
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Disposing a variable while it is in use as actual variable parameter or
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as an element of the record variable list of a with-statement is not detected.
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.sp
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.TT 6.6.5.3-8
|
|
.TT 6.6.5.3-9
|
|
.TT 6.6.5.3-10
|
|
It is not detected that a record variable, created with the variant form
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of new, is used as an operand in an expression or as the variable in an
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assignment or as an actual value parameter.
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.sp
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.TT 6.6.5.3-11
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Use of a variable that is not reinitialized after a dispose is
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not detected.
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.sp
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.TT 6.6.6.4-4
|
|
.TT 6.6.6.4-5
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.TT 6.6.6.4-7
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.I2
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|
There are no range checks for pred, succ and chr.
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.sp
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|
.TT 6.6.6.5-6
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|
ACK-Pascal considers a rewrite of a file as a defining
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occurence.
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.sp
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.TT 6.7.2.2-8
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.TT 6.7.2.2-9
|
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.TT 6.7.2.2-10
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.TT 6.7.2.2-12
|
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.I2
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|
Division by 0 or integer overflow is not detected.
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.sp
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.TT 6.8.3.9-18
|
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The use of the some control variable in two nested for
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statements in not detected.
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.sp
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.TT 6.8.3.9-19
|
|
Access of a control variable after leaving the loop results in
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the final-value, although an error should be produced.
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.sp
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.TT 6.9.3.2-3
|
|
The program stops with a file not open error.
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|
The rewrite before the write is missing in the program.
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.sp
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.TT 6.9.3.2-4
|
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.TT 6.9.3.2-5
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Illegal FracDigits values are not detected.
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.CH "Implementation dependence"
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|
Number of tests run = 14
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.br
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|
Number of tests incorrectly handled = 0
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|
.SH "Details of implementation dependence"
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|
.IS
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|
.TT 6.1.9-5
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|
Alternate comment delimiters are implemented
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.sp
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.TT 6.1.9-6
|
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The equivalent symbols @ for ^, (. for [ and .) for ] are not
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implemented.
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.sp
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|
.TT 6.4.2.2-10
|
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Maxint = 32767
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.sp
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.TT 6.4.3.4-5
|
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Only elements with non-negative ordinal value are allowed in sets.
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.sp
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|
.TT 6.6.6.1-1
|
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Standard procedures and functions are not allowed as parameters.
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.sp
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|
.TT 6.6.6.2-11
|
|
Details of the machine characteristics regarding real numbers:
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.IS
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.nf
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beta = 2
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t = 56
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rnd = 1
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ngrd = 0
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machep = -56
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negep = -56
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iexp = 8
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minexp = -128
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maxexp = 127
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eps = 1.387779e-17
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epsneg = 1.387779e-17
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xmin = 2.938736e-39
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xmax = 1.701412e+38
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.fi
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.IE
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.sp
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|
.TT 6.7.2.3-3
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.TT 6.7.2.3-4
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All operands of boolean expressions are evaluated.
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.sp
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.TT 6.8.2.2-1
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.TT 6.8.2.2-2
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The expression in an assignment statement is evaluated
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before the variable selection if this involves pointer
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dereferencing or array indexing.
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.sp
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.TT 6.8.2.3-2
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Actual parameters are evaluated in reverse order.
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.sp
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.TT 6.9.3.2-6
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The default width for integer, Boolean and real are 6, 5 and 13.
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.sp
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.TT 6.9.3.5.1-2
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The number of digits written in an exponent is 2.
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.sp
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.TT 6.9.3.6-1
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The representations of true and false are (~true) and (false).
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The parenthesis serve to indicate width.
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.IE
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.CH "Quality measurement"
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Number of tests run = 60
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.br
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Number of tests handled incorrectly = 1
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.SH "Results of tests"
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Several test perform operations on reals on indicate the error
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introduced by these operations.
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For each of these tests the following two quality measures are extracted:
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.sp
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.in +5
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maxRE:~~maximum relative error
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.br
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rmsRE:~~root-mean-square relative error
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.in -5
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.sp 2
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.IS
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.TT 1.2-1
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.I1
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25 thousand Whetstone instructions per second.
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.I2
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169 thousand Whetstone instructions per second.
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.sp
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.TT 1.2-2
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|
The value of (TRUEACC-ACC)*2^56/100000 is 1.4 .
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This is well within the bounds specified in [3].
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.br
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|
The GAMM measure is:
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.I1
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238 microseconds
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.I2
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26.3 microseconds.
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.sp
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.TT 1.2-3
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The number of procedure calls calculated in this test exceeds
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the maximum integer value.
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The program stops indicating overflow.
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.sp
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.TT 6.1.3-3
|
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The number of significant characters for identifiers is 8.
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.sp
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.TT 6.1.5-8
|
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There is no maximum to the line length.
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.sp
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.TT 6.1.5-9
|
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The error message "too many digits" is given for numbers larger
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than maxint.
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.sp
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.TT 6.1.5-10
|
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.TT 6.1.5-11
|
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.TT 6.1.5-12
|
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Normal values are allowed for real constants and variables.
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.sp
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.TT 6.1.7-14
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A reasonably large number of strings is allowed.
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.sp
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.TT 6.1.8-6
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No warning is given for possibly unclosed comments.
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.sp
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.TT 6.2.1-12
|
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.TT 6.2.1-13
|
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.TT 6.2.1-14
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.TT 6.2.1-15
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.TT 6.5.1-2
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Large lists of declarations are possible in each block.
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.sp
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.TT 6.4.3.2-6
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An 'array[integer] of' is not allowed.
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.sp
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.TT 6.4.3.2-7
|
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.TT 6.4.3.2-8
|
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Large values are allowed for arrays and indices.
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.sp
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.TT 6.4.3.3-14
|
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Large amounts of case-constant values are allowed in variants.
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.sp
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.TT 6.4.3.3-15
|
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Large amounts of record sections can appear in the fixed part of
|
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a record.
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.sp
|
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.TT 6.4.3.3-16
|
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Large amounts of variants are allowed in a record.
|
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.TT 6.4.3.4-4
|
|
Size and speed of Warshall's algorithm depend on the
|
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implementation of EM:
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.IS
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.I1
|
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.br
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|
size: 122 bytes
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.br
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|
speed: 5.2 seconds
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.sp
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.I2
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.br
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size: 196 bytes
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.br
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speed: 0.7 seconds
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.IE
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|
.TT 6.5.3.2-3
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Deep nesting of array indices is allowed.
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.sp
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.TT 6.5.3.2-4
|
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.TT 6.5.3.2-5
|
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Arrays can have at least 8 dimensions.
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.sp
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.TT 6.6.1-8
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Deep static nesting of procedure is allowed.
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.sp
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.TT 6.6.3.1-6
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Large amounts of formal parameters are allowed.
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.sp
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.TT 6.6.5.3-12
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Dispose is fully implemented.
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.sp
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.TT 6.6.6.2-6
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Test sqrt(x): no errors.
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The error is within acceptable bounds.
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.in +5
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maxRE:~~2~**~-55.50
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.br
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rmsRE:~~2~**~-57.53
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.in -5
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.sp
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.TT 6.6.6.2-7
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Test arctan(x): may cause underflow or overflow errors.
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The error is within acceptable bounds.
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.in +5
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.br
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maxRE:~~2~**~-55.00
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.br
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rmsRE:~~2~**~-56.36
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.in -5
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.sp
|
|
.TT 6.6.6.2-8
|
|
Test exp(x): may cause underflow or overflow errors.
|
|
The error is not within acceptable bounds.
|
|
.in +5
|
|
maxRE:~~2~**~-50.03
|
|
.br
|
|
rmsRE:~~2~**~-51.03
|
|
.in -5
|
|
.sp
|
|
.TT 6.6.6.2-9
|
|
Test sin(x): may cause underflow errors.
|
|
The error is not within acceptable bounds.
|
|
.in +5
|
|
maxRE:~~2~**~-38.20
|
|
.br
|
|
rmsRE:~~2~**~-43.68
|
|
.in -5
|
|
.sp
|
|
Test cos(x): may cause underflow errors.
|
|
The error is not within acceptable bounds.
|
|
.in +5
|
|
maxRE:~~2~**~-41.33
|
|
.br
|
|
rmsRE:~~2~**~-46.62
|
|
.in -5
|
|
.sp
|
|
.TT 6.6.6.2-10
|
|
Test ln(x):
|
|
The error is not within acceptable bounds.
|
|
.in +5
|
|
maxRE:~~2~**~-54.05
|
|
.br
|
|
rmsRE:~~2~**~-55.77
|
|
.in -5
|
|
.sp
|
|
.TT 6.7.1-3
|
|
.TT 6.7.1-4
|
|
.TT 6.7.1-5
|
|
Complex nested expressions are allowed.
|
|
.sp
|
|
.TT 6.7.2.2-14
|
|
Test real division:
|
|
The error is within acceptable bounds.
|
|
.in +5
|
|
maxRE:~~0
|
|
.br
|
|
rmsRE:~~0
|
|
.in -5
|
|
.sp
|
|
.TT 6.7.2.2-15
|
|
Operations of reals in the integer range are exact.
|
|
.sp
|
|
.TT 6.7.3-1
|
|
.TT 6.8.3.2-1
|
|
.TT 6.8.3.4-2
|
|
.TT 6.8.3.5-15
|
|
.TT 6.8.3.7-4
|
|
.TT 6.8.3.8-3
|
|
.TT 6.8.3.9-20
|
|
.TT 6.8.3.10-7
|
|
Static deep nesting of function calls,
|
|
compound statements, if statements, case statements, repeat
|
|
loops, while loops, for loops and with statements is possible.
|
|
.sp
|
|
.TT 6.8.3.2-2
|
|
Large amounts of statements are allowed in a compound
|
|
statement.
|
|
.sp
|
|
.TT 6.8.3.5-12
|
|
The compiler requires case constants to be compatible with
|
|
the case selector.
|
|
.sp
|
|
.TT 6.8.3.5-13
|
|
.TT 6.8.3.5-14
|
|
Large case statements are possible.
|
|
.sp
|
|
.TT 6.9-2
|
|
Recursive IO on the same file is well-behaved.
|
|
.sp
|
|
.TT 6.9.1-6
|
|
The reading of real values from a text file is done with
|
|
sufficient accuracy.
|
|
.in +5
|
|
maxRE:~~2~**~-54.61
|
|
.br
|
|
rmsRE:~~2~**~-56.32
|
|
.in -5
|
|
.sp
|
|
.TT 6.9.1-7
|
|
.TT 6.9.2-2
|
|
.TT 6.9.3-3
|
|
.TT 6.9.4-2
|
|
Read, readln, write and writeln may have large amounts of
|
|
parameters.
|
|
.sp
|
|
.TT 6.9.1-8
|
|
The loss of precision for reals written on a text file and read
|
|
back is:
|
|
.in +5
|
|
maxRE:~~2~**~-53.95
|
|
.br
|
|
rmsRE:~~2~**~-55.90
|
|
.in -5
|
|
.sp
|
|
.TT 6.9.3-2
|
|
File IO buffers without trailing marker are correctly flushed.
|
|
.sp
|
|
.TT 6.9.3.5.2-2
|
|
Reals are written with sufficient accuracy.
|
|
.in +5
|
|
maxRE:~~0
|
|
.br
|
|
rmsRE:~~0
|
|
.in -5
|
|
.IE
|
|
.CH "Level 1 conformance tests"
|
|
Number of test passed = 4
|
|
.br
|
|
Number of tests failed = 1
|
|
.SH "Details of failed tests"
|
|
.IS
|
|
.TT 6.6.3.7-4
|
|
An expression indicated by parenthesis whose
|
|
value is a conformant array is not allowed.
|
|
.IE
|
|
.CH "Level 1 deviance tests"
|
|
Number of deviations correctly detected = 4
|
|
.br
|
|
Number of tests not detecting deviations = 0
|
|
.IE
|
|
.CH "Level 1 error handling"
|
|
The results depend on the EM implementation.
|
|
.sp
|
|
Number of errors correctly detected =
|
|
.in +5
|
|
.I1
|
|
1
|
|
.I2
|
|
0
|
|
.in -5
|
|
Number of errors not detected =
|
|
.in +5
|
|
.I1
|
|
0
|
|
.I2
|
|
1
|
|
.in -5
|
|
.SH "Details of errors not detected"
|
|
.IS
|
|
.TT 6.6.3.7-9
|
|
.I2
|
|
Subrange bounds are not checked.
|
|
.IE
|
|
.CH "Level 1 quality measurement"
|
|
Number of tests run = 1
|
|
.SH "Results of test"
|
|
.IS
|
|
.TT 6.6.3.7-10
|
|
Large conformant arrays are allowed.
|
|
.IE
|
|
.CH "Extensions"
|
|
Number of tests run = 3
|
|
.SH Details of test failed
|
|
.IS
|
|
.TT 6.1.9-7
|
|
The alternative relational operators are not allowed.
|
|
.sp
|
|
.TT 6.1.9-8
|
|
The alternative symbols for colon, semicolon and assignment are
|
|
not allowed.
|
|
.sp
|
|
.TT 6.8.3.5-16
|
|
The otherwise selector in case statements is not allowed.
|
|
.IE
|
|
.CH "References"
|
|
.ti -5
|
|
[1]~~\
|
|
A.S.Tanenbaum, E.G.Keizer, J.W.Stevenson, Hans van Staveren,
|
|
"Description of a machine architecture for use with block structured
|
|
languages",
|
|
Informatica rapport IR-81.
|
|
.ti -5
|
|
[2]~~\
|
|
ISO standard proposal ISO/TC97/SC5-N462, dated February 1979.
|
|
The same proposal, in slightly modified form, can be found in:
|
|
A.M.Addyman e.a., "A draft description of Pascal",
|
|
Software, practice and experience, May 1979.
|
|
An improved version, received March 1980,
|
|
is followed as much as possible for the
|
|
current ACK-Pascal.
|
|
.ti -5
|
|
[3]~~\
|
|
B. A. Wichman and J du Croz,
|
|
A program to calculate the GAMM measure, Computer Journal,
|
|
November 1979.
|