250 lines
7.4 KiB
Groff
250 lines
7.4 KiB
Groff
.TH CEM 1L 86/03/10
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.SH NAME
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cem \- ACK C compiler
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B cem
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[ option ] ... file ...
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.I Cem
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is a
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.I cc (1)-like
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C compiler that uses the C front-end compiler
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.I cemcom (1)
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of the Amsterdam Compiler Kit.
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.I Cem
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interprets its arguments not starting with a '\-' as
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source files, to be compiled by the various parts of the compilation process,
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which are listed below.
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File arguments whose names end with \fB.\fP\fIcharacter\fP are interpreted as
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follows:
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.IP .[ao]
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object file.
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.IP .[ci]
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C source code
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.IP .e
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EM assembler source file.
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.IP .k
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compact EM file, not yet optimised by the EM peephole optimiser.
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.IP .m
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compact EM file, already optimised by the peephole optimiser.
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.IP .s
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assembler file.
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.LP
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The actions to be taken by
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.I cem
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are directed by the type of file argument and the various options that are
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presented to it.
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.PP
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The following set of options, which is a mixture of options interpreted by
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.I cc (1)
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and
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.I ack (?)
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are interpreted by
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.I cem .
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(The options not specified here are passed to the front-end
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compiler
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.I cemcom (1L).)
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.IP \fB\-B\fP\fIname\fP
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Use
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.I name
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as front-end compiler instead of the default
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.I cemcom (1).
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.br
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Same as "\fB\-Rcem=\fP\fIname\fP".
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.IP \fB\-C\fP
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Run C preprocessor
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.I /lib/cpp
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only and prevent it from eliding comments.
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.IP \fB\-D\fP\fIname\fP\fB=\fP\fIdef\fP
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Define the
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.I name
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to the preprocessor, as if by "#define".
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.IP \fB\-D\fP\fIname\fP
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.br
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Same as "\fB\-D\fP\fIname\fP\fB=1\fP".
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.IP \fB\-E\fP
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Run only the macro preprocessor on the named files and send the
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result to standard output.
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.IP \fB\-I\fP\fIdir\fP
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\&"#include" files whose names do not begin with '/' are always
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sought first in the directory of the \fIfile\fP argument, then in directories
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in \fB\-I\fP options, then in directories on a standard list (which in fact
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consists of "/usr/include").
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.IP \fB\-L\fP\fIdir\fP
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Use \fIdir\fP as library-containing directory instead of the default.
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.IP \fB\-P\fP
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Same as \fB\-E\fP, but sending the result of input file \fIfile\fP\fB.[ceis]\fP
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to \fIfile\fP\fB.i\fP.
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.IP \fB\-R\fP
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Passed to \fIcemcom\fP(1) in order to parse the named C programs according
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to the C language as described in [K&R] (also called \fIRestricted\fP C).
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.IP \fB\-R\fP\fIprog\fP\fB=\fP\fIname\fP
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.br
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Use \fIname\fP as program for phase \fIprog\fP of the compilation instead of
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the default.
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\&\fIProg\fP is one of the following names:
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.RS
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.IP \fBcpp\fP
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macro preprocessor (default: /lib/cpp)
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.IP \fBcem\fP
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front\-end compiler (default: $CEM/bin/cemcom)
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.IP \fBopt\fP
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EM peephole optimiser (default: $EM/lib/em_opt)
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.IP \fBdecode\fP
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EM compact to EM assembler translator (default: $EM/lib/em_decode)
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.IP \fBencode\fP
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EM assembler to EM compact translator (default: $EM/lib/em_encode)
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.IP \fBbe\fP
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EM compact code to target\-machine assembly code compiler
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(default: $EM/lib/vax4/cg)
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.IP \fBcg\fP
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same as \fBbe\fP
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.IP \fBas\fP
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assembler (default: /bin/as)
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.IP \fBld\fP
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linker/loader (default: /bin/ld)
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.RE
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.IP \fB\-R\fP\fIprog\fP\fB\-\fP\fIoption\fP
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.br
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Pass \fB\-\fP\fIoption\fP to the compilation phase indicated by \fIprog\fP.
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.IP \fB\-S\fP
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Same as \fB\-c.s\fP.
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.IP \fB\-U\fP\fIname\fP
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.br
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Remove any initial definition of \fIname\fP.
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.IP \fB\-V\fP\fIcm\fP.\fIn\fP,\ \fB\-V\fIcm\fP.\fIncm\fP.\fIn\fP\ ...
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.br
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Set the size and alignment requirements of the C constructs of the named
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C input files.
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The letter \fIc\fP indicates the simple type, which is one of
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\fBs\fP(short), \fBi\fP(int), \fBl\fP(long), \fBf\fP(float), \fBd\fP(double) or
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\fBp\fP(pointer).
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The \fIm\fP parameter can be used to specify the length of the type (in bytes)
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and the \fIn\fP parameter for the alignment of that type.
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Absence of \fIm\fP or \fIn\fP causes the default value to be retained.
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To specify that the bitfields should be right adjusted instead of the
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default left adjustment, specify \fBr\fP as \fIc\fP parameter
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without parameters.
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.br
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This option is passed directly to \fIcemcom\fP(1).
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.IP \fB\-c\fP
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Same as \fB\-c.o\fP.
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.IP \fB\-c.e\fP
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Produce EM assembly code on \fIfile\fP\fB.e\fP for the
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named files \fIfile\fP\fB.[cikm]\fP
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.IP \fB\-c.k\fP
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Compile C source \fIfile\fP\fB.[ci]\fP or
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encode EM assembly code from \fIfile\fP\fB.e\fP
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into unoptimised compact EM code and write the result on \fIfile\fP\fB.k\fP
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.IP \fB\-c.m\fP
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Compile C source \fIfile\fP\fB.[ci]\fP,
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translate unoptimised EM code from \fIfile\fP\fB.k\fP or
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encode EM assembly code from \fIfile\fP\fB.e\fP
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into optimised compact EM code and write the result on \fIfile\fP\fB.m\fP
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.IP \fB\-c.o\fP
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Suppress the loading phase of the compilation, and force an object file to
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be produced even if only one program is compiled
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.IP \fB\-c.s\fP
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Compile the named \fIfile\fP\fB.[ceikm]\fP input files, and leave the
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assembly language output on corresponding files suffixed ".s".
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.IP \fB\-k\fP
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Same as \fB\-c.k\fP.
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.IP \fB\-l\fP\fIname\fP
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.br
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Append the library \fBlib\fP\fIname\fP\fB.a\fP to the list of files that
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should be loaded and linked into the final output file.
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The library is searched for in the library directory.
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.IP \fB\-m\fP
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Same as \fB\-c.m\fP.
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.IP \fB\-o\fP\ \fIoutput\fP
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.br
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Name the final output file \fIoutput\fP.
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If this option is used, the default "a.out" will be left undisturbed.
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.IP \fB\-p\fP
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Produce EM profiling code (\fBfil\fP and \fBlin\fP instructions to
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enable an interpreter to keep track of the current location in the
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source code)
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.IP \fB\-t\fP
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Keep the intermediate files, produced during the various phases of the
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compilation.
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The produced files are named \fIfile\fP\fB.\fP\fIcharacter\fP where
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\&\fIcharacter\fP indicates the type of the file as listed before.
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.IP \fB\-v\fP
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Verbose.
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Print the commands before they are executed.
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.IP \fB\-vn\fP
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Do not really execute (for debugging purposes only).
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.IP \fB\-vd\fP
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Print some additional information (for debugging purposes only).
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.IP \fB\-\-\fP\fIanything\f
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.br
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Equivalent to \fB\-Rcem\-\-\fP\fIanything\fP.
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The options
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.B \-\-C ,
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.B \-\-E
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and
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.B \-\-P
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all have the same effect as respectively
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.B \-C ,
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.B \-E
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and
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.B \-P
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except for the fact that the macro preprocessor is taken to be the
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built\-in preprocessor of the \fBcem\fP phase.
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Most "\-\-" options are used by
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.I cemcom (1)
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to set some internal debug switches.
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.IP loader\ options
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.br
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The options
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.B \-d ,
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.B \-e ,
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.B \-F ,
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.B \-n ,
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.B \-N ,
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.B \-r ,
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.B \-s ,
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.B \-u ,
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.B \-x ,
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.B \-X
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and
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.B \-z
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are directly passed to the loader.
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.SH FILES
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$CEM/bin/cem: this program
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.br
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$CEM/src/cem.c: C source of the \fBcem\fP program
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.br
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$CEM/bin/cemcom: C front end compiler
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.br
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$CEM/lib: default library-containing directory
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.br
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$CEM/src/cem.1: this manual page
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.br
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$CEM/src/cemcom.1: manual page for the C front end compiler
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.SH SEE ALSO
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cemcom(1), cc(1), ack(?), as(1), ld(1)
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.br
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.IP [K&R]
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B.W. Kernighan and D.M. Ritchie, \fIThe C Programming Language\fP,
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Prentice-Hall, 1978.
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.SH DIAGNOSTICS
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Any failure of one of the phases is reported.
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.SH NOTES
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.IP \(bu
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The names $CEM and $EM refer to the directories containing the CEM compiler
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and the ACK distribution tree respectively.
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.IP \(bu
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This manual page contains references to programs that reside on our site
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which is a VAX 11/750 running UNIX BSD4.1.
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Setting up \fBcem\fP requires some names to be declared in $CEM/src/cem.c
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.SH BUGS
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.IP \(bu
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All intermediate files are placed in the current working directory which
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causes files with the same name as the intermediate files to be overwritten.
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.IP \(bu
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.B Cem
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only accepts a limited number of arguments to be passed to the various phases.
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(e.g., 256).
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.IP \(bu
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Please report suggestions and other bugs to erikb@tjalk.UUCP
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