#+title: 65∞2 Instruction Set Architecture
#+author: d0p1

** Registers

- PC :: Program counter (32bit)
- A  :: Accumulator (32bit)
- D  :: Direct register (32bit)
- X  :: X index register (32bit)
- Y  :: Y index register (32bit)
- SR :: status register (8bit)
- SP :: stack pointer (32bit)

Status register flags

#+begin_src
 31                                0
  +------ .... ----+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
  |                |N|V| |B|D|I|Z|C|
  +------ .... ----+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
#+end_src

- N :: Negative
  The negative flag (N) indicates the presence of a set sign bit in bit-position 31.
- V :: Overflow
  The overflow flag (V) indicates overflow with signed binary arithmetics.
- B :: Break
- D :: Decimal
- I :: Interrupt
- Z :: Zero
  The zero flag (Z) indicates a value of all zero bits.
- C :: Carry

** Addressing Modes

*** Implied Addressing

*** Remative Addressing

*** Immediate Addressing

A size and a literal operand is given immediately after the instruction.

#+begin_src asm
  LDA.B #7
  LDA.W #300
  LDA.L #$DEADBEEF
  LDA.SB #-5         ! sign extended
  LDA.SW #-5367      ! sign extended
#+end_src

*** Absolute Addressing

** Opcodes

|    | -0       | -1        | -2    | -3 | -4 | -5 | -6 | -7 | -8       | -9        | -A       | -B | -C        | -D        | -E        | -F |
|----|----------|-----------|-------|----|----|----|----|----|----------|-----------|----------|----|-----------|-----------|-----------|----|
| 0- | BRK impl | ORA X,ind |       |    |    |    |    |    | PHP impl | ORA #     | ASL A    |    |           | ORA abs   | ASL abs   |    |
| 1- | BPL rel  | ORA ind,Y |       |    |    |    |    |    | CLC impl | ORA abs,Y |          |    |           | ORA abs,X | ASL abs,X |    |
| 2- | JSR abs  | AND X,ind |       |    |    |    |    |    | PLP impl | AND #     | ROL A    |    | BIT abs   | AND abs   | ROL abs   |    |
| 3- | BMI rel  | AND ind,Y |       |    |    |    |    |    | SEC impl | AND abs,Y |          |    |           | AND abs,X | ROL abs,X |    |
| 4- | RTI impl | EOR X,ind |       |    |    |    |    |    | PHA impl | EOR #     | LSR A    |    | JMP abs   | EOR abs   | LSR abs   |    |
| 5- | BVC rel  | EOR ind,Y |       |    |    |    |    |    | CLI impl | EOR abs,Y |          |    |           | EOR abs,X | LSR abs,X |    |
| 6- | RTS impl | ADC X,ind | PER?  |    |    |    |    |    | PLA impl | ADC #     | ROR A    |    | JMP ind   | ADC abs   | ROR abs   |    |
| 7- | BVS rel  | ADC ind,Y |       |    |    |    |    |    | SEI impl | ADC abs,Y |          |    |           | ADC abs,X | ROR abs,X |    |
| 8- |          | STA X,ind |       |    |    |    |    |    | DEY impl |           | TXA impl |    | STY abs   | STA abs   | STX abs   |    |
| 9- | BCC rel  | STA ind,Y |       |    |    |    |    |    | TYA impl | STA abs,Y | TXS impl |    |           | STA abs,X |           |    |
| A- | LDY #    | LDA X,ind | LDX # |    |    |    |    |    | TAY impl | LDA #     | TAX impl |    | LDY abs   | LDA abs   | LDX abs   |    |
| B- | BCS rel  | LDA ind,Y |       |    |    |    |    |    | CLV impl | LDA abs,Y | TSX impl |    | LDY abs,X | LDA abs,X | LDX abs,Y |    |
| C- | CPY #    | CMP X,ind |       |    |    |    |    |    | INY impl | CMP #     | DEX impl |    | CPY abs   | CMP abs   | DEC abs   |    |
| D- | BNE rel  | CMP ind,Y |       |    |    |    |    |    | CLD impl | CMP abs,Y |          |    |           | CMP abs,X | DEC abs,X |    |
| E- | CPX #    | SBC X,ind |       |    |    |    |    |    | INX impl | SBC #     | NOP impl |    | CPX abs   | SBC abs   | INC abs   |    |
| F- | BEQ rel  | SBC ind,Y |       |    |    |    |    |    | SED impl | SBC abs,Y |          |    |           | SBC abs,X | INC abs,X |    |

** Instruction encoding

| 0-7    |
|--------|
| opcode |

| 0-7    | 8-21          |
|--------|---------------|
| opcode | relative addr |

| 0-7    | 8-15 | 16-X  |
|--------|------|-------|
| opcode | attr | value |

** Instructions Listing

- ADC :: add with carry
- AND :: and (with accumulator)
- ASL :: arithmetic shift left
- BCC :: branch on carry clear
- BCS :: branch on carry set
- BEQ :: branch on equa (zero set)