#
        # code to switch between user and kernel space.
        #
        # this code is mapped at the same virtual address
        # (TRAMPOLINE) in user and kernel space so that
        # it continues to work when it switches page tables.
	#
	# kernel.ld causes this to be aligned
        # to a page boundary.
        #

#include "riscv.h"
#include "memlayout.h"

	.section trampsec
.globl trampoline
trampoline:
.align 4
.globl uservec
uservec:    
	#
        # trap.c sets stvec to point here, so
        # traps from user space start here,
        # in supervisor mode, but with a
        # user page table.
        #

        # save user a0 in sscratch so
        # a0 can be used to get at TRAPFRAME.
        csrw sscratch, a0

        # each process has a separate p->trapframe memory area,
        # but it's mapped to the same virtual address
        # (TRAPFRAME) in every process.
        li a0, TRAPFRAME
        
        # save the user registers in TRAPFRAME
        sd ra, 40(a0)
        sd sp, 48(a0)
        sd gp, 56(a0)
        sd tp, 64(a0)
        sd t0, 72(a0)
        sd t1, 80(a0)
        sd t2, 88(a0)
        sd s0, 96(a0)
        sd s1, 104(a0)
        sd a1, 120(a0)
        sd a2, 128(a0)
        sd a3, 136(a0)
        sd a4, 144(a0)
        sd a5, 152(a0)
        sd a6, 160(a0)
        sd a7, 168(a0)
        sd s2, 176(a0)
        sd s3, 184(a0)
        sd s4, 192(a0)
        sd s5, 200(a0)
        sd s6, 208(a0)
        sd s7, 216(a0)
        sd s8, 224(a0)
        sd s9, 232(a0)
        sd s10, 240(a0)
        sd s11, 248(a0)
        sd t3, 256(a0)
        sd t4, 264(a0)
        sd t5, 272(a0)
        sd t6, 280(a0)

	# save the user a0 in p->trapframe->a0
        csrr t0, sscratch
        sd t0, 112(a0)

        # restore kernel stack pointer from p->trapframe->kernel_sp
        ld sp, 8(a0)

        # make tp hold the current hartid, from p->trapframe->kernel_hartid
        ld tp, 32(a0)

        # load the address of usertrap(), p->trapframe->kernel_trap
        ld t0, 16(a0)

        # restore kernel page table from p->trapframe->kernel_satp
        ld t1, 0(a0)
        csrw satp, t1
        sfence.vma zero, zero

        # a0 is no longer valid, since the kernel page
        # table does not specially map p->tf.

        # jump to usertrap(), which does not return
        jr t0

.globl userret
userret:
        # userret(pagetable)
        # switch from kernel to user.
        # a0: user page table, for satp.

        # switch to the user page table.
        csrw satp, a0
        sfence.vma zero, zero

        li a0, TRAPFRAME

        # restore all but a0 from TRAPFRAME
        ld ra, 40(a0)
        ld sp, 48(a0)
        ld gp, 56(a0)
        ld tp, 64(a0)
        ld t0, 72(a0)
        ld t1, 80(a0)
        ld t2, 88(a0)
        ld s0, 96(a0)
        ld s1, 104(a0)
        ld a1, 120(a0)
        ld a2, 128(a0)
        ld a3, 136(a0)
        ld a4, 144(a0)
        ld a5, 152(a0)
        ld a6, 160(a0)
        ld a7, 168(a0)
        ld s2, 176(a0)
        ld s3, 184(a0)
        ld s4, 192(a0)
        ld s5, 200(a0)
        ld s6, 208(a0)
        ld s7, 216(a0)
        ld s8, 224(a0)
        ld s9, 232(a0)
        ld s10, 240(a0)
        ld s11, 248(a0)
        ld t3, 256(a0)
        ld t4, 264(a0)
        ld t5, 272(a0)
        ld t6, 280(a0)

	# restore user a0
        ld a0, 112(a0)
        
        # return to user mode and user pc.
        # usertrapret() set up sstatus and sepc.
        sret