1986-02-04 17:37:41 +00:00
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.BP
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.AP "EM CODE TABLES"
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The following table is used by the assembler for EM machine
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language.
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It specifies the opcodes used for each instruction and
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how arguments are mapped to machine language arguments.
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The table is presented in three columns,
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each line in each column contains three or four fields.
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Each line describes a range of interpreter opcodes by
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specifying for which instruction the range is used, the type of the
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opcodes (mini, shortie, etc..) and range for the instruction
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argument.
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.A
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The first field on each line gives the EM instruction mnemonic,
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the second field gives some flags.
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If the opcodes are minis or shorties the third field specifies
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how many minis/shorties are used.
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The last field gives the number of the (first) interpreter
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opcode.
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.N 1
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Flags :
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.IS 3
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.N 1
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Opcode type, only one of the following may be specified.
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.PS - 5 " "
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.PT \-
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opcode without argument
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.PT m
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mini
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.PT s
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shortie
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.PT 2
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opcode with 2-byte signed argument
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.PT 4
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opcode with 4-byte signed argument
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.PT 8
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opcode with 8-byte signed argument
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.PE
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Secondary (escaped) opcodes.
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.PS - 5 " "
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.PT e
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The opcode thus marked is in the secondary opcode group instead
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of the primary
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.PE
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restrictions on arguments
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.PS - 5 " "
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.PT N
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Negative arguments only
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.PT P
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Positive and zero arguments only
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.PE
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mapping of arguments
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.PS - 5 " "
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.PT w
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argument must be divisible by the wordsize and is divided by the
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wordsize before use as opcode argument.
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.PT o
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argument ( possibly after division ) must be >= 1 and is
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decremented before use as opcode argument
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.PE
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.IE
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If the opcode type is 2,4 or 8 the resulting argument is used as
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opcode argument (least significant byte first).
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.N
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If the opcode type is mini, the argument is added
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to the first opcode \- if in range \- .
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If the argument is negative, the absolute value minus one is
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used in the algorithm above.
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.N
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For shorties with positive arguments the first opcode is used
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for arguments in the range 0..255, the second for the range
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256..511, etc..
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For shorties with negative arguments the first opcode is used
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for arguments in the range \-1..\-256, the second for the range
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\-257..\-512, etc..
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The byte following the opcode contains the least significant
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byte of the argument.
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First some examples of these specifications.
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.PS - 5
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.PT "aar mwPo 1 34"
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Indicates that opcode 34 is used as a mini for Positive
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instruction arguments only.
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The w and o indicate division and decrementing of the
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instruction argument.
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Because the resulting argument must be zero ( only opcode 34 may be used
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), this mini can only be used for instruction argument 2.
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Conclusion: opcode 34 is for "AAR 2".
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.PT "adp sP 1 41"
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Opcode 41 is used as shortie for ADP with arguments in the range
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0..255.
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.PT "bra sN 2 60"
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Opcode 60 is used as shortie for BRA with arguments \-1..\-256,
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61 is used for arguments \-257..\-512.
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.PT "zer e\- 145"
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Escaped opcode 145 is used for ZER.
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.PE
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The interpreter opcode table:
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.N 1
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.IS 3
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.so itables
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.IE
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.P
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The table above results in the following dispatch tables.
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Dispatch tables are used by interpreters to jump to the
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routines implementing the EM instructions, indexed by the next opcode.
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Each line of the dispatch tables gives the routine names
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of eight consecutive opcodes, preceded by the first opcode number
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on that line.
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Routine names consist of an EM mnemonic followed by a suffix.
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The suffices show the encoding used for each opcode.
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.N
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The following suffices exist:
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.N 1
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.VS 1 0
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.IS 4
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.PS - 11
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.PT .z
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no arguments
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.PT .l
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16-bit argument
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.PT .lw
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16-bit argument divided by the wordsize
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.PT .p
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positive 16-bit argument
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.PT .pw
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positive 16-bit argument divided by the wordsize
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.PT .n
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negative 16-bit argument
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.PT .nw
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negative 16-bit argument divided by the wordsize
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.PT .s<num>
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shortie with <num> as high order argument byte
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.PT .sw<num>
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shortie with argument divided by the wordsize
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.PT .<num>
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mini with <num> as argument
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.PT .<num>W
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mini with <num>*wordsize as argument
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1986-03-05 16:58:40 +00:00
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.PE 1
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1986-02-04 17:37:41 +00:00
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<num> is a possibly negative integer.
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.VS 1 1
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.IE
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The dispatch table for the 256 primary opcodes:
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.DS B
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.ta 7n 16n 25n 34n 43n 52n 61n 70n
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0 loc.0 loc.1 loc.2 loc.3 loc.4 loc.5 loc.6 loc.7
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8 loc.8 loc.9 loc.10 loc.11 loc.12 loc.13 loc.14 loc.15
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16 loc.16 loc.17 loc.18 loc.19 loc.20 loc.21 loc.22 loc.23
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24 loc.24 loc.25 loc.26 loc.27 loc.28 loc.29 loc.30 loc.31
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32 loc.32 loc.33 aar.1W adf.s0 adi.1W adi.2W adp.l adp.1
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40 adp.2 adp.s0 adp.s\-1 ads.1W and.1W asp.1W asp.2W asp.3W
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48 asp.4W asp.5W asp.w0 beq.l beq.s0 bge.s0 bgt.s0 ble.s0
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56 blm.s0 blt.s0 bne.s0 bra.l bra.s\-1 bra.s\-2 bra.s0 bra.s1
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64 cal.1 cal.2 cal.3 cal.4 cal.5 cal.6 cal.7 cal.8
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72 cal.9 cal.10 cal.11 cal.12 cal.13 cal.14 cal.15 cal.16
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80 cal.17 cal.18 cal.19 cal.20 cal.21 cal.22 cal.23 cal.24
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88 cal.25 cal.26 cal.27 cal.28 cal.s0 cff.z cif.z cii.z
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96 cmf.s0 cmi.1W cmi.2W cmp.z cms.s0 csa.1W csb.1W dec.z
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104 dee.w0 del.w\-1 dup.1W dvf.s0 dvi.1W fil.l inc.z ine.lw
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112 ine.w0 inl.\-1W inl.\-2W inl.\-3W inl.w\-1 inn.s0 ior.1W ior.s0
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120 lae.l lae.w0 lae.w1 lae.w2 lae.w3 lae.w4 lae.w5 lae.w6
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128 lal.p lal.n lal.0 lal.\-1 lal.w0 lal.w\-1 lal.w\-2 lar.W
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136 ldc.0 lde.lw lde.w0 ldl.0 ldl.w\-1 lfr.1W lfr.2W lfr.s0
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144 lil.w\-1 lil.w0 lil.0 lil.1W lin.l lin.s0 lni.z loc.l
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152 loc.\-1 loc.s0 loc.s\-1 loe.lw loe.w0 loe.w1 loe.w2 loe.w3
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160 loe.w4 lof.l lof.1W lof.2W lof.3W lof.4W lof.s0 loi.l
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168 loi.1 loi.1W loi.2W loi.3W loi.4W loi.s0 lol.pw lol.nw
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176 lol.0 lol.1W lol.2W lol.3W lol.\-1W lol.\-2W lol.\-3W lol.\-4W
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184 lol.\-5W lol.\-6W lol.\-7W lol.\-8W lol.w0 lol.w\-1 lxa.1 lxl.1
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192 lxl.2 mlf.s0 mli.1W mli.2W rck.1W ret.0 ret.1W ret.s0
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200 rmi.1W sar.1W sbf.s0 sbi.1W sbi.2W sdl.w\-1 set.s0 sil.w\-1
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208 sil.w0 sli.1W ste.lw ste.w0 ste.w1 ste.w2 stf.l stf.W
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216 stf.2W stf.s0 sti.1 sti.1W sti.2W sti.3W sti.4W sti.s0
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224 stl.pw stl.nw stl.0 stl.1W stl.\-1W stl.\-2W stl.\-3W stl.\-4W
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232 stl.\-5W stl.w\-1 teq.z tgt.z tlt.z tne.z zeq.l zeq.s0
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240 zeq.s1 zer.s0 zge.s0 zgt.s0 zle.s0 zlt.s0 zne.s0 zne.s\-1
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248 zre.lw zre.w0 zrl.\-1W zrl.\-2W zrl.w\-1 zrl.nw escape1 escape2
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.DE 2
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The list of secondary opcodes (escape1):
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.N 1
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.DS B
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.ta 7n 16n 25n 34n 43n 52n 61n 70n
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0 aar.l aar.z adf.l adf.z adi.l adi.z ads.l ads.z
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8 adu.l adu.z and.l and.z asp.lw ass.l ass.z bge.l
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16 bgt.l ble.l blm.l bls.l bls.z blt.l bne.l cai.z
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24 cal.l cfi.z cfu.z ciu.z cmf.l cmf.z cmi.l cmi.z
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32 cms.l cms.z cmu.l cmu.z com.l com.z csa.l csa.z
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40 csb.l csb.z cuf.z cui.z cuu.z dee.lw del.pw del.nw
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48 dup.l dus.l dus.z dvf.l dvf.z dvi.l dvi.z dvu.l
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56 dvu.z fef.l fef.z fif.l fif.z inl.pw inl.nw inn.l
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64 inn.z ior.l ior.z lar.l lar.z ldc.l ldf.l ldl.pw
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72 ldl.nw lfr.l lil.pw lil.nw lim.z los.l los.z lor.s0
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80 lpi.l lxa.l lxl.l mlf.l mlf.z mli.l mli.z mlu.l
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88 mlu.z mon.z ngf.l ngf.z ngi.l ngi.z nop.z rck.l
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96 rck.z ret.l rmi.l rmi.z rmu.l rmu.z rol.l rol.z
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104 ror.l ror.z rtt.z sar.l sar.z sbf.l sbf.z sbi.l
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112 sbi.z sbs.l sbs.z sbu.l sbu.z sde.l sdf.l sdl.pw
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120 sdl.nw set.l set.z sig.z sil.pw sil.nw sim.z sli.l
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128 sli.z slu.l slu.z sri.l sri.z sru.l sru.z sti.l
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136 sts.l sts.z str.s0 tge.z tle.z trp.z xor.l xor.z
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144 zer.l zer.z zge.l zgt.l zle.l zlt.l zne.l zrf.l
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152 zrf.z zrl.pw dch.z exg.s0 exg.l exg.z lpb.z gto.l
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.DE 2
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Finally, the list of opcodes with four byte arguments (escape2).
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.DS
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.ta 7n 16n 25n 34n 43n 52n 61n 70n
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0 loc
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.DE 0
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